The potential effects of chlorogenic acid, the main phenolic components in coffee, on health: a comprehensive review of the literature

Abstract

Chlorogenic acid (CGA), an important biologically active dietary polyphenol, is produced by certain plant species and is a major component of coffee. Reduction in the risk of a variety of diseases following CGA consumption has been mentioned in recent basic and clinical research studies. This systematic review discusses in vivo animal and human studies of the physiological and biochemical effects of chlorogenic acids (CGAs) on biomarkers of chronic disease. We searched PubMed, Embase, Amed and Scopus using the following search terms: ("chlorogenic acid" OR "green coffee bean extract") AND (human OR animal) (last performed on April 1st, 2015) for relevant literature on the in vivo effects of CGAs in animal and human models, including clinical trials on cardiovascular, metabolic, cancerogenic, neurological and other functions. After exclusion of editorials and letters, uncontrolled observations, duplicate and not relevant publications the remaining 94 studies have been reviewed. The biological properties of CGA in addition to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects have recently been reported. It is postulated that CGA is able to exert pivotal roles on glucose and lipid metabolism regulation and on the related disorders, e.g. diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), obesity, cancer, and hepatic steatosis. The wide range of potential health benefits of CGA, including its anti-diabetic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity impacts, may provide a non-pharmacological and non-invasive approach for treatment or prevention of some chronic diseases. In this study, the effects of CGAs on different aspects of health by reviewing the related literatures have been discussed.

Control of antioxidant efficiency of chlorogenates in emulsions: modulation of antioxidant interfacial concentrations

“…and vegetables. Several epidemiological studies have linked CGA consumption to a wide range of health benefits, including neuroprotection, cardioprotection and anti‐inflammatory activity . However, its high hydrophilicity prevents its application as an AO because of its low bioavailability in protecting lipid tissues.…”

Use of greenhouse‐covering films with tailored UV‐B transmission dose for growing ‘medicines’ through plants: rocket salad case

“…Considering the treatment and the control, chlorogenic acid was the most abundant compound among the phenolic acids, accounting on average for 88.5% of total phenolic acid content (Table ). As reported in other studies, levels of chlorogenic acid are very important for human health due to its strong antinflammatory and antioxidant actions, and to its anticancer and antidiabetic properties. Among flavonols, the levels of quercetin, quercetin derivatives, and especially luteolin‐7‐ O ‐glucoside, strong anti‐tumoral agents, were comparable to those found by other authors in different varieties of conventionally cultivated rocket salad (Table ).…”

Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Extracts of 12 Melon (Cucumis melo) Peel Powders Prepared from Commercial Melons

“…Table also shows the evaluated five samples, the chlorogenic acid content (in mg/mL) ranged from a low 0.16 for the nonorganic Galia peel to 1.03 for the nonorganic Galia melon flesh. The 6.4‐fold difference is noteworthy in view of the reported numerous health benefits of chlorogenic acid (Tajik, Tajik, Mack, & Enck, ). Also, noteworthy is that the content of the isomeric neochlorogenic acid was about the same for all five samples, ranging from 0.31 to 0.43 mg/mL.…”