The Phase and Morphology of Cu₂ZnSnSe₄ Nanopowders by Hydrothermal Method

Abstract

Quaternary compound Cu 2 ZnSnSe 4 (CTZSe) which belonged to I 2 -II-IV-VI 4 group, without rare elements, can be considered as the perfect material for absorbing layer in eco-friendly solar cells due to low cost and high efficiency. The CTZSe powders were synthesized by hydrothermal coreduction method from metal chlorides and SeO 2 with reducing agent hydrazine hydrate at 160∼200 ∘ C. The phases of obtained products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the size and morphology were observed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Experimental results show that well crystallized Cu 2 ZnSnSe 4 powders without Se impurities can be obtained by reacting at 200 ∘ C for 90 h. The three strong XRD peaks of these products are corresponding to (112), (204), and (312) crystal planes, respectively. The morphologies of these products mostly show irregular polygon flakes with about 30∼40 nm thickness and 50∼200 nm diameters.

Effect of Different Selenium Precursors on Structural Characteristics and Chemical Composition of Cu2ZnSnSe4 Nanocrystals

“…In such way in the research work [43] [46][47][48]. Using precursors based on cheaper elemental selenium Cu 2 ZnSnSe 4 , NCs were obtained only by the solvothermal method [49,50], hydrothermal method [51], two-step hot-injection method [52][53], and solventthermal re ux technique [54][55].…”

Aqueous Synthesis of Cu2ZnSnSe4 Nanocrystals

“…Although CZTS nanoparticle routes, including green and scalable syntheses, have been widely reported, 35,50−56 reports related to CZTSe nanoparticles are much more scarce. [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]57 CZTSe nanoparticle syntheses typically involve the use of toxic solvents such as hydrazine, 37,38 or hot injection reactions in nonpolar solvents that require extensive post processing. 34,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45]57,58 This is mainly due to the difficulty in forming soluble Se anions or precursors in solution.…”

“…Various methods for the fabrication of CZTSSe thin films have been developed, including quinary sputtering and CZTSSe nanoparticle deposition; , however, the bulk of the literature has focused on a two-step process of depositing pure CZTS or CZTSe films followed by selenization and/or sulfurization at high temperature under toxic atmospheres to form the mixed CZTSSe phase. ,− The deposition of CZTS and CZTSe films can be achieved by the decomposition of molten salts, − reactive sputtering, − electroplating, − vapor deposition, − precursor solution deposition, − and nanoparticle ink sintering. − Of these, nanoparticle routes are among the most promising because of their potential to be inexpensive and scalable, while maintaining superior phase and compositional control when compared to nonsolution-based approaches. Although CZTS nanoparticle routes, including green and scalable syntheses, have been widely reported, ,− reports related to CZTSe nanoparticles are much more scarce. − , CZTSe nanoparticle syntheses typically involve the use of toxic solvents such as hydrazine,<...…”

The Effects of Different Technologies on Synthesis of CuInSe2 Prepared by Coreduction

“…The effects of different conditions on the phase, crystallinity, size and morphology of CuInSe 2 powders were investigated. Cu 2 ZnSnSe 4 and ZnSe were successfully synthesized by our group, which provided a good reference for this work (11,12).…”