In this Letter, we have revealed the common structural behavior of metallic glasses through scrutinizing the evolution of pair distribution functions from metallic liquids to glasses and statistically analyzing pair distribution functions of 64 metallic glasses. It is found that the complex atomic configuration in metallic glasses can be interpreted globally as a combination of the spherical-periodic order and local translational symmetry. The implications of our study suggest that the glass transition could be visualized mainly as a process involving in local translational symmetry increased from the liquid to glassy states. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.155501 PACS numbers: 61.43.Dq, 61.43.Bn The atomic structure of metallic glasses (MGs) is a fundamental and intriguing issue in condensed-matter physics, due to its importance in understanding the glassforming mechanism and unique properties [1][2][3][4]. Many structural models have been proposed over the years, such as ''dense random packing'' of hard spheres [5] and the ''stereochemically designed '' model [6]. Although these early models significantly improved our understanding of atomic structures in MGs, especially for short-range order (SRO), they still have their own insufficiencies [7]. Recent studies confirm that the characteristics of medium-range order (MRO) clusters dictate the stability and mechanical properties of monolithic MGs [8][9][10][11], which have shed new light on our understanding of structural features at this length scale [7,[12][13][14]. By taking the earlier models further with advances in relevant experimental techniques and computational capacity, the idealized cluster packing schemes, such as efficient cluster packing on a facecentered cubic (fcc) lattice [12] and quasiequivalent clusters on an icosahedral packing [7], have been proposed and furthered our comprehension of the MRO. However, the latest finding indicated that the MRO in MGs can be described by packing of quasiequivalent clusters on a fractal network with a dimension (D f ) of 2.31 [14], implying that it is impossible to fill the real space in these amor phous solids by building blocks in a form of crystal (D f ¼ 3:0) or icosahedral-quasicrystal (D f ¼ 2:72) symmetry. The nature of atomic packing at the MRO scale or larger in MGs still remains mysterious [15].Glassy alloys are commonly considered as the state of ''frozen liquids''; nevertheless, their structure difference is obvious: A split in the second peak of the atomic-pair distribution function (PDF) curve, gðrÞ, for MGs, occurs with respect to that for liquids. Actually, the splitting of the second maximum of the gðrÞ curve into two subpeaks is recognized as a characteristic indication of amorphous solids [16], and its origin has been investigated extensively [17][18][19]. For example, Bennett proposed that the first subpeak at R 2 =R 1 ¼ ffiffiffi 3 p results from a continuum of configuration of two coplanar equilateral triangles sharing a common side, and the second one at R 3 =R 1 ¼ ffiffiffi 4 p originat...

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Natural ventilation is crucial for conserving the energy, reducing carbon emission, and improving the comfort level of the built environment and the indoor air quality. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD for short) represents the combination of the modern fluid dynamics, numerical mathematics and computer science. By employing CFD wind environment simulation technology, the architects are able to accurately project and intuitively describe the building wind environment of a design proposal, conduct analysis in combination with knowledge in building technology science and the simulation results, and analyze the strength and weakness of various design options and accordingly revise the architectural design. The paper shows the methodology and case study of optimizing the building's natural ventilation through CFD wind environment simulation from three aspects, i.e. site planning, building shape and building envelope, in a bid to offer some ideas to address the mismatch and poor synergy between architectural design and technological analysis.