The Performance of Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode for the Determination of Ramipril and its Association with Hydrochlorothiazide

Abstract

The voltammetric behavior of ramipril (RMP), an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor, was investigated for the first time in the literature on a boron‐doped diamond electrode (BDDE) using cyclic (CV) and square‐wave voltammetry (SWV). Its behavior was also considered in the presence of a thiazide diuretic, hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), for the simultaneous determination. The performance of BDDE and glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was compared, since RMP provides a high oxidation potential. It was observed that the anodic peak potentials for HCTZ and RMP at the BDDE were 1.23 and 1.67 V (vs. Ag/AgCl (3.0 mol L‐1 KCl)) by CV in BR buffer solution (pH 2.0), respectively. The influence of supporting electrolyte, pH and scan rate in the current response of these both drugs was examined to select optimum experimental conditions. By this way, the determination of RMP and its association with HCTZ using SWV and a BDDE was successfully applied in real samples (single and combined dosage forms), with results in close agreement at 95% confidence level with those obtained using high‐performance liquid chromatography.

A Novel Strategy for Quantifying Clopidogrel Using Square‐wave Voltammetry and a Boron‐doped Diamond Film

“…Ever since the first investigations on the electrochemical behavior of organic redox species on the BDD electrode, it became clear that the surface chemical termination strongly influences the monitored electrical response. As reported by many authors in previous analytical applications of BDDE , the oxidation peak of organic species can be modulated by electrochemical pretreatments applied to BDD electrode. The effect of different electrochemical pretreatments on the electroanalytical properties of BDD has been further investigated by some authors, with a physicochemical approach .…”

Electroanalysis of Pharmaceuticals on Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes: A Review

“…Analysis of authentic samples containing HCTZ and VAL showed no interference from the common additives and excipients. In addition, there are methodologies developed by other research groups for the simultaneous detection of HCTZ with enalapril, metoprolol, ramipril and with more of one pharmaceutical as described by Morais and coauthors that used AML, amiloride hydrochloride and atenolol …”

RP-HPLC method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of ramipril and felodipine

“…Five different concentrations (15,30,50, 70 and 75 μg/mL) covering the linearity range of both RAM and FLD were analysed for accuracy. The chromatograms were recorded and the %Recovery±S.D.…”

“…Ramipril in combination with felodipine are used in several antihypertension preparations. RMP was determined individually by spectrophotometric methods [5][6][7], HPLC [6,[8][9][10], HPTLC [11,12] and electrochemical methods [13][14][15][16]. On the other hand, FLD was determined individually by UV spectroscopy [17][18][19][20], HPLC [18,[21][22][23], spectrofluorimetric [24], gas chromatography [25] and electrochemical methods [26,27].…”