The Perception and Estimation of Egocentric Distance in Real and Augmented Reality Environments

Jerome, Christian J.; Witmer, Bob G.

doi:10.1037/e512752010-001

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The results showed that blind walking method provided more accurate and consistent results [14]. Jerome and Witmer evaluated the depth judgment using a verbal report method and a perceptual matching method and they found the perceptual matching method provided more accurate results than the verbal report method [21]. Livingston et al compared the depth perception accuracy between in-door and outdoor AR environments using a depth matching method [22].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Other forms of walking methods include triangulated walking, treadmill walking method and visually directed walking [16][17][18]. In the perceptual matching method, a subject is asked to move a target object so that the position of the target object is perceptually matched with a reference object [11,[19][20][21][22]. The method tends to be effective and accurate for a relatively short-range application compared with the various walking methods.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Effects of a retroreflective screen on depth perception in a head-mounted projection display

Zhang

Hua

2010

2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality

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The perceived depth accuracy is a fundamental performance metrics for an augmented reality display system. Many factors may affect the perceived depth of a head-mounted display (HMD), such as display resolution, interpupillary distance (IPD), conflicting depth cues, stereoacuity, and head tracking error. Besides these typical limiting factors to an HMD-type system, the perceived depth through a head-mounted projection display (HMPD) may be further affected by the usage of a retroreflective screen. In this paper, we will evaluate the perceived depth accuracy of an HMPD system using a perceptual depth matching method. The main factor to be investigated in our study is the position of a retroreflective screen relative to the projection image plane, with the projection image plane placed at different distances to the user. Overall, it is found that the ratio of the judged distance to real distance and the standard deviation of the judged distance increase linearly with the reference object distance. A transition effect from depth underestimation to overestimation has been observed at the reference object distance of around 1.4m. The position of a retroreflective screen only has a significant effect on the depth judgment error around this switching point. The paper also analyzes various effects brought by a retroreflective screen on the depth judgment. The depth cue and the image luminance reduction brought by a retroreflective screen could be the main factors that affect the depth judgment accuracy.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of a retroreflective screen on depth perception in a head-mounted projection display

Zhang

Hua

2010

2010 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality

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“…We anticipate that the two error sources described in Section 1 will lead to prominent perception errors in the near-field distances as opposed to the medium-or far-field distances. Regarding the work with medium-or far-field distances, see [7], [10], [12], [18], [19], and [28].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Optical Combiner and IPD Change for Convergence on Near-Field Depth Perception in an Optical See-Through HMD

Lee

Hua

2016

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

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Many error sources have been explored in regards to the depth perception problem in augmented reality environments using optical see-through head-mounted displays (OST-HMDs). Nonetheless, two error sources are commonly neglected: the ray-shift phenomenon and the change in interpupillary distance (IPD). The first source of error arises from the difference in refraction for virtual and see-through optical paths caused by an optical combiner, which is required of OST-HMDs. The second occurs from the change in the viewer's IPD due to eye convergence. In this paper, we analyze the effects of these two error sources on near-field depth perception and propose methods to compensate for these two types of errors. Furthermore, we investigate their effectiveness through an experiment comparing the conditions with and without our error compensation methods applied. In our experiment, participants estimated the egocentric depth of a virtual and a physical object located at seven different near-field distances (40∼200 cm) using a perceptual matching task. Although the experimental results showed different patterns depending on the target distance, the results demonstrated that the near-field depth perception error can be effectively reduced to a very small level (at most 1 percent error) by compensating for the two mentioned error sources.

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“…The perceptual matching task was to align the center of virtual objects with physical objects 12,14,22–24 . Besides, many pieces of research combined these methods 13,16,25–28 …”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surface transparency may make stereo overlays unpredictable, which is a key problem in depth perception research 11 . Depth perception for opaque objects 12–16 have been extensively studied, but this is not the case for semitransparent objects, in particular in egocentric distance judgment in an optical see‐through HMD. In this work, we explored whether the opacity of the virtual object can influence users' estimation of the distance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of shading model and opacity on depth perception in optical see‐through augmented reality

et al. 2020

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Augmented reality (AR) technologies create an immersive environment by augmenting the real world with rendered virtual objects. One of the key requirements of an AR system is to understand how users perceive the depth of an AR object. Perceived distances to AR objects can be based on various depth cues such as rendering method used for the virtual object. The existing researches on the shading model and opacity mainly focus on the shape perception or the position relationship of several virtual objects in the virtual environment. We predicted that shading models and opacity would impact a user's estimation of a virtual object's depth in AR. We conducted two experiments to investigate the impact of color, size (Experiment 1), shading model, and opacity (Experiment 2) on the depth perception in an optical see‐through head‐mounted display (HMD). We found that the virtual object's color and size impact estimation efficacy. An interaction effect between color and size was also found. The results showed that shading models with specular highlights could help to improve depth perception in AR. Additionally, users had the lowest matching error when the opacity of a virtual object was 0.8.

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The Perception and Estimation of Egocentric Distance in Real and Augmented Reality Environments

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of a retroreflective screen on depth perception in a head-mounted projection display

Effects of a retroreflective screen on depth perception in a head-mounted projection display

Effects of Optical Combiner and IPD Change for Convergence on Near-Field Depth Perception in an Optical See-Through HMD

Effects of shading model and opacity on depth perception in optical see‐through augmented reality

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