Effects of shading model and opacity on depth perception in optical see‐through augmented reality

Ping, Jiamin; Thomas, Bruce H.; Baumeister, James; Guo, Jie; Weng, Dongdong; Liu, Yue

doi:10.1002/jsid.947

Cited by 32 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…Shadows may play an important role in alleviating inaccurate depth perception in augmented reality. As such, several evaluations on the influence shadow position and object shape on depth judgements have been conducted in both mobile AR [6,59] and in OST AR [14,22,25,48,54]. The presence of cast shadows can dramatically improve the accuracy of people's judgements in perceptual matching tasks in OST AR displays [6,14,22,25].…”

Section: Shape and Shadows In Xrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, neither the current work nor the prior work conducted by Adams et al [2] manipulated the color of background surfaces on which target objects were displayed. Yet just as an object's shading color may influence our spatial perception of that object in space [3,14,15,48], so too may the backdrop upon which it is presented [45]. In our case, we used the same, median blue tablecloth in both experiments.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Stay in Touch! Shape and Shadow Influence Surface Contact in XR Displays

Adams¹,

Gagnon²,

Creem-Regehr³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Fig. 1. Three geometric shapes were evaluated in Experiment 1. Each object was rendered with either dark (photorealistic) or light (non-photorealistic) shadow shading methods and was displaced vertically based on the viewer's visual angle to the target. Changes in vertical displacement were subtle since a psychophysical, two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) approach was employed to evaluate surface contact perception.

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Section: Shape and Shadows In Xrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stay in Touch! Shape and Shadow Influence Surface Contact in XR Displays

Adams¹,

Gagnon²,

Creem-Regehr³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Previous self‐centered depth‐perception experiments defined multiple protocols to measure perceived depth. Perceptual matching 32 is a closed‐loop visual task. It measures the distance perceived by observers via moving a virtual object into alignment with a real object or another virtual object.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and analysis of depth cues on depth perception in interactive mixed reality simulation systems

Wang

et al. 2021

J Soc Info Display

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Implementing an interactive mixed reality simulation system is an economical and risk‐free method for skill training. However, research to enhance the accuracy of mixed reality simulation has always been a challenge. One of the key indicators of a simulation's accuracy is the user's depth perception. Adding depth cues to the simulation scene can effectively increase the accuracy of depth perception. Therefore, in this study, we designed five depth cues to find the one most beneficial for depth perception: (1) depth bar, (2) location ball, (3) fixed window, (4) 3D wireframe, and (5) movable silhouettes. These depth cues were tested using an experimental system with two sets of experimental settings. The first experiment compared the five depth cues at five different viewing distances and showed that the movable silhouettes benefited depth perception accuracy the most. The second experiment compared depth perception accuracies among three different horizontal tilt settings, showing that depth perception accuracy is dependent on the horizontal tilt. Furthermore, different depth perception accuracies were obtained with and without depth cues, proving that the effects from the horizontal tilts were independent of depth cues. The results of these studies provide references for designing interactive mixed reality simulation systems.

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“…These were then combined with artificial shadows that utilize the user's position. The use of shadows and shading models was also examined more recently by Ping et al [19].…”

Section: Non-planar Cuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interact. 2020, 4, x FOR PEER REVIEW 7 of 19 We previously highlighted that visual indicators in SAR allow others in the scene to also utilize those representations. Whilst HMD content is only visible for the wearer, SAR content is visible to all users in same space, meaning any visual indicators should be friendly for multiple users.…”

Section: Sar Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aligning Realities: Correlating Content between Projected and Head Worn Displays

Walsh

Thomas

2020

MTI

Self Cite

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Enabling the effective representation of an object’s position and depth in augmented reality (AR) is crucial not just for realism, but also to enable augmented reality’s wider utilization in real world applications. Domains such as architecture and building design cannot leverage AR’s advantages without the effective representation of position. Prior work has examined how the human visual system perceives and interprets such cues in AR. However, it has focused on application systems that only use a single AR modality, i.e., head-mounted display, tablet/handheld, or projection. However, given the respective limitations of each modality regarding shared experience, stereo display, field of view, etc., prior work has ignored the possible benefits of utilizing multiple AR modalities together. By using multiple AR systems together, we can attempt to address the deficiencies of one modality by leveraging the features of other modalities. This work examines methods for representing position in a multi-modal AR system consisting of a stereo head-mounted display and a ceiling mounted projection system. Given that the AR content is now rendered across two separate AR realities, how does the user know which projected object matches the object shown in their head-mounted display? We explore representations to correlate and fuse objects across modalities. In this paper, we review previous work on position and depth in AR, before then describing multiple representations for head-mounted and projector-based AR that can be paired together across modalities. To the authors’ knowledge, this work represents the first step towards utilizing multiple AR modalities in which the AR content is designed directly to compliment deficiencies in the other modality.

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Effects of shading model and opacity on depth perception in optical see‐through augmented reality

Cited by 32 publications

References 46 publications

Stay in Touch! Shape and Shadow Influence Surface Contact in XR Displays

Stay in Touch! Shape and Shadow Influence Surface Contact in XR Displays

Design and analysis of depth cues on depth perception in interactive mixed reality simulation systems

Aligning Realities: Correlating Content between Projected and Head Worn Displays

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