The Peanut Skin Procyanidins Attenuate DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in C57BL/6 Mice

Abstract

Polyphenols from peanut skin have been reported to possess many beneficial functions for human health, including anti-oxidative, antibacterial, anticancer, and other activities. To date, however, its anti-inflammatory effect and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of peanut skin procyanidins extract (PSPE) and peanut skin procyanidins (PSPc) were investigated by a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. The results showed that both PSPE and PSPc supplementation reversed the DSS-induced body weight loss and reduced disease activity index (DAI) values, accompanied by enhanced goblet cell numbers and tight junction protein claudin-1 expression in the colon. PSPE and PSPc treatment also suppressed the inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in the colon by down-regulating IL-1β, TNF-α, and MDA expressions. Meanwhile, PSPE and PSPc significantly altered the gut microbiota composition by increasing the relative abundance of Clostridium XlVb and Anaerotruncus, and inhibiting the relative abundance of Alistipes at the genus level. PSPE and PSPc also significantly elevated the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in mice with colitis. The correlation analysis suggested that the protective effects of PSPE and PSPc on colitis might be related to the alteration of gut microbiota composition and the formation of SCFAs. In conclusion, the current research indicates that supplementation of PSPE and PSPc could be a promising nutritional strategy for colitis prevention and treatment.

Targeting DSS-induced ulcerative colitis: evaluating the therapeutic potential of WPI–stachyose conjugates

“…Previous research has underscored the significance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as essential metabolites produced by the gut microbiota, with a central role in colitis. 37 Notably, during active UC, a decrease in fecal SCFA levels is frequently observed. 16 These identified biomarkers suggest the potential contribution of beneficial bacteria in regulating DSS-induced inflammation through the enhanced production of SCFAs.…”

The progression of inorganic nanoparticles and natural products for inflammatory bowel disease

“…Moreover, treatment with PSPE and PSPC effectively suppressed inflammation and oxidative stress in the colon by downregulating IL-1β, TNF-α, and MDA. Furthermore, the administration of both PSPE or PSPC significantly altered the gut microbiota composition, leading to increased production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in mice with colitis [ 97 ].…”

Bioactive compounds of peanut skin in prevention and adjunctive treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases

“…Another particular change in the modulation of the microbiota was the identification of greater production of short-chain fatty acids, such as butyrate, isobutyrate and isovalerate, which were identified in fecal material from animals fed extract and/or procyanidins from peanut skin. 20,21 In Caco-2 cells (human colorectal adenocarcinoma), the procyanidins of peanut skin extract are effective in managing the effects of celiac disease induced by the digestive production of gliadin through the SIRT1/NRF2 pathway, inhibition and deacetylation of NF-κB, reduction of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), better expression of TGM2(Gene-Transglutaminase 2) involved in the structure of the extracellular matrix in response to lesions and better cellular and intestinal tissue recovery (monolayer). 22 In an experiment with mice with induced ulcerative colitis, the administration of extracts of procyanidins from peanut skin, as well as its purified extractcharacterized by the presence of A-type procyanidins dimer, protocatechualdehyde and catechins; in very little A-type procyanidins trimer, A-type procyanidins tetramer, protocatechuic acid, and B-type procyanidins resulted in weight loss and reduced activity of ulcerative colitis, proliferation of calciform cells, expression of claudin-1 protein, suppression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1, TNF-α and MDA (malondialdehyde); modulation of oxidative stress and modification of the intestinal microbiota, with increased population of ClostridiumXlVb and Anaerotruncus and reduction of the Alistipes genus; and increased production of SCFA (short-chain fatty acids).…”

“…22 In an experiment with mice with induced ulcerative colitis, the administration of extracts of procyanidins from peanut skin, as well as its purified extractcharacterized by the presence of A-type procyanidins dimer, protocatechualdehyde and catechins; in very little A-type procyanidins trimer, A-type procyanidins tetramer, protocatechuic acid, and B-type procyanidins resulted in weight loss and reduced activity of ulcerative colitis, proliferation of calciform cells, expression of claudin-1 protein, suppression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1, TNF-α and MDA (malondialdehyde); modulation of oxidative stress and modification of the intestinal microbiota, with increased population of ClostridiumXlVb and Anaerotruncus and reduction of the Alistipes genus; and increased production of SCFA (short-chain fatty acids). 20 Peanut skin extracts also showed antifungal effects against Fusarium verticillioides, influencing the growth of the microorganism in the lag and antimycotic phase, with regard to the production of the mycotoxin fumonisin B1. 18 Both fungi and 131 Peanut skin 70% ethanol HPLC-ESI-Q TOF-MS/MS analysis…”