The oxidation of polyvinyl alcohol by ceric ion

Mino, G.; Kaizerman, S.; Rasmussen, Elisabeth

doi:10.1002/pol.1959.1203913544

Cited by 107 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…reagent-grade, were used after standardization with ferrous sulfate according to a method described by Mino et al 28 Acrylonitrile monomer was freshly distilled before use.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The consumption of CeIV by cellulose during grafting and oxidation was determined according to a method reported by Mino et al 28 The copper number was determined according to Braidy's method,29 and carboxyl groups were estimated according to the Indian standard method." Figure 1 shows the per cent grafting yields on the various substrates at 40°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cerium‐initiated grafting of acrylonitrile onto cellulosic materials

Hebeish

Mehta

1968

J of Applied Polymer Sci

120

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synopsisGrafting of acrylonitrile onto native cotton, swollen cotton, viscose, ramie, and hydrocellulose was studied with tetravalent cerium as initiator. The effect of temperature on the graft yields is examined. With ceric ammonium nitrate the grafting yields are found to be higher at 20 and 40 than at 60°C. Ceric ammonium sulfate, on the other hand, produces more grafting at 60 than at 20 and 40°C. The consumption of ceric ions is less, whereas the per cent graft yields are higher for the swollen cottons and viscose than for native cotton. Graft yields are shown to be related to substrate accessibility if the grafting reaction is carried out under conditions that suppress homopolymerization.

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“…reagent-grade, were used after standardization with ferrous sulfate according to a method described by Mino et al 28 Acrylonitrile monomer was freshly distilled before use.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerium‐initiated grafting of acrylonitrile onto cellulosic materials

Hebeish

Mehta

1968

J of Applied Polymer Sci

120

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“…It has been postulated that the initiation of free radicals on the cellulose molecule occurs through a single-electron transfer according to a mechanism proposed by Mino and Kaizerman. 5 This mechanism favors grafting much more than homopolymer formation. Cleavage of the C2-C3 glycol bond occurs during this system of grafting initiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto bagasse and wood pulps

Heikal¹,

El‐Kalyoubi²

1982

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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SynopsisGraft copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto bagasse and wood pulps has been studied using ceric ammonium nitrate as initiator. The effect of order of reactants addition on grafting was examined: three methods were studied. Addition of the pulp to a mixture of initiator and monomer (method A) resulted in more efficient grafting than the other two methods. The reaction produced more grafting at 50°C than at 30°C or at 40°C. The results showed that the monomer and initiator concentrations are the major factors influencing the grafting rate of acrylonitrile. Increasing the acrylonitrile or initiator concentration was accompanied by a substantial increase in graft yields. Increasing the initiator concentration is more effective on polymerization rate than the increase in monomer concentration. The extent of grafting of this monomer can best be controlled by reaction time. Water swelling of pulps significantly affected the grafting rate of acrylonitrile as well as the ceric consumption during grafting. The reactivity of bagasse pulp towards grafting of acrylonitrile is higher than that of wood pulp due to a more open structure of cellulose in bagasse pulp as well as the presence of some lignin which accelerates grafting. Ceric consumption during grafting depends on the nature of the pulp as well as the monomer and initiator concentrations, time, temperature, and the method of grafting. More Ce(1V) is consumed during grafting than during oxidation of the pulps under identical reaction conditions, due to homopolymer formation which accompanied grafting. The ceric consumption by bagasse during grafting or oxidation is somewhat greater than that consumed by wood pulp under similar reaction conditions.

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“…a t room temperature. The analysis was carried out according to the ferrous ammonium method using an o-phenanthroline indicator re- ported by Mino et al 7 The results are shown in Tables 1 and 11. It was observed that ceric ions were apt to be remarkably reduced by aldehyde and alcohol and almost unaffected in acetone or water.…”

Section: Choice Of the Solvent Used For Graft Copolymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grafting of vinyl monomers onto crosslinked polymers. I. Grafting of methyl methacrylate onto fibers spun from polymer blends of polyvinyl alcohol and its partially N-methylolcarbamoylethylated products

Negishi¹,

Nakamura²,

Kitamaru

1961

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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Improvements in physical properties of polyvinyl alcohol fibers were attempted by means of both crosslinking and graft copolymerization. By using the ceric iron redox system on synthetic fibers spun from polymer blends containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and its partially (about 15 mole‐%) N‐methylolcarbamoylethylated products (PVM) in which the blend ratios were 0/100, 10/90, 15/85, and 20/80 by weight, methyl methacrylate (MMA) was grafted at 30°C. in the aldehyde‐free acetone‐water system after crosslinking by heat treatment or successive acid treatment. Grafting increases with increasing PVM component. This may be ascribed to the coarsening of the fiber texture caused by polymer blending and the increasing of methylol groups as a reducing agent. Moisture regains decrease with increasing graft fraction, but these appear to be greater than the additive values of backbone and graft polymer. Less shrinkage in boiling water is obtained with the increase of PVM component and grafting; the decreased shrinkage is significant in the acid‐treated PVM‐PVA fibers, and it reaches a nearly sufficient value at about 50% graft‐on. The PVA fibers do not give sufficient shrink‐proofing. The inherent tenacity and elongation of the grafted fibers increase slightly with increasing graft‐on or denier except at the high grafting above about 100, 150, and 300 in the PVA, acid‐treated, and acid‐untreated PVM/PVA fibers, respectively; whereas the tensile strength in grams/denier decreases with grafting. Although at high grafting, a destruction in the fiber texture will perhaps occur, the coarser the texture of backbone fiber, the harder the change by grafting. The knot/normal ratios in tensile strength or elongation of the grafted fibers have been retained at above 90%. The elastic recovery of the grafted fibers is considerably improved as compared to the conventional Vinylon fibers. The improvements in the acid‐treated and grafted PVM/PVA (20/80) fibers are significantly greater above and below 50% graft‐on, especially in the range of lower extension. As expected, the thermosetting property is also appreciably imparted with grafting. In the conventional Vinylon fibers, the formalization for shrink‐proofing is usually at a sacrifice of elastic recovery. But MMA grafting in the PVM/PVA fibers gives a fairly good elastic recovery and less shrinkage in addition to thermosetting property, making the most of the characteristics in the longer intermolecular crosslinkages formed between methylol groups or PVA‐OH groups and methylol groups.

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The oxidation of polyvinyl alcohol by ceric ion

Cited by 107 publications

References 9 publications

Cerium‐initiated grafting of acrylonitrile onto cellulosic materials

Cerium‐initiated grafting of acrylonitrile onto cellulosic materials

Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto bagasse and wood pulps

Grafting of vinyl monomers onto crosslinked polymers. I. Grafting of methyl methacrylate onto fibers spun from polymer blends of polyvinyl alcohol and its partially N-methylolcarbamoylethylated products

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