Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto bagasse and wood pulps

Heikal, Salwa O.; El‐Kalyoubi, Samira F.

doi:10.1002/app.1982.070270826

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…With further increase of temperature beyond 40°C, the radical termination reaction might be accelerated, leading to decrease of %G as well as %GE. These findings are in agreement to those reported in literature [23,26,29]. Figure 5.…”

Section: Effect Of Temperaturesupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Results show that maximum %G (174.8%) is obtained at 40°C and decreases with further increase in temperature. The dependence of %G on temperature can be ascribed to higher rate of dissociation of initiator as well as the diffusion and mobility of monomer from the aqueous phase to cellulose phase, resulting in considerable improvement in the grafting yield [26,29]. The %GE reaches a maximum value of 96.3% at 40°C.…”

Section: Effect Of Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Grafting of acrylonitrile onto cellulosic material derived from bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus)

Khullar¹,

Varshney²,

Naithani³

et al. 2008

Express Polym. Lett.

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Bamboo, a lignocellulosic biopolymer material, is of interest as feedstock for production of cellulose derivatives by chemical functionalization. Optimization of grafting of acrylonitrile onto cellulosic material (average Degree of Polymerization 816), isolated from bamboo (Dendrocalamus stictus) was performed by varying the process parameters such as duration of soaking of cellulosic material in ceric ammonium nitrate solution, ceric ammonium nitrate concentration, polymerization time, temperature of reaction and acrylonitrile concentration to study their influence on percent grafting and grafting efficiency. Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto cellulosic material derived from bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus) in heterogenous medium can be initiated effectively with ceric ammonium nitrate. The optimum reaction conditions obtained for grafting of acrylonitrile onto cellulosic material were: duration of dipping cellulosic material in ceric ammonium nitrate solution 1 hr, ceric ammonium nitrate concentration 0.02 M, acrylonitrile concentration 24.6 mol/anhydroglucose unit, temperature of reaction 40°C and polymerization time 4 hrs. The percent grafting for optimized samples is 210.3% and grafting efficiency is 97%. The characterization of the grafted products by means of FTIR and Scanning Electron Microscopy furnished the evidence of grafting of acrylonitrile onto the cellulosic material

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Section: Effect Of Temperaturesupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Effect Of Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Grafting of acrylonitrile onto cellulosic material derived from bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus)

Khullar¹,

Varshney²,

Naithani³

et al. 2008

Express Polym. Lett.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Results show that maximum on all parameters is obtained at 40 °C and decreases with further increase in temperature. The dependence of the parameters on temperature can be ascribed to higher rate of dissociation of ceric ammonium nitrate-nitric acid initiator as well as the diffusion and mobility of acrylonitrile from the aqueous phase to cellulose phase, resulting in considerable improvement in the grafting yield [24,25].…”

Section: Effect Of Temperaturementioning

confidence: 95%

Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto delignified native bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) cellulosic and its utilization potential for heavy metal uptake from aqueous medium

Ekebafe

Akpa

et al. 2011

CI&CEQ

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Graft polymerization of acrylonitrile onto delingnified cellulosic material obtained from Nigeria grown bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) could be initiated by a ceric ammonium nitrate redox system. Optimization of grafting of acrylonitrile onto cellulosic material was performed by varying the reaction conditions, such as the duration of soaking of cellulosic material in ceric ammonium nitrate solution, concentration of ceric ammonium nitrate solution, polymerization time, temperature of reaction, and acrylonitrile concentration and saponification time, in order to study their influence on percent grafting yield and grafting efficiency. The resulting cellulosic-g-polyacrylonitrile (PAN) copolymers were fractionated by extraction at 33 °C with N,N'-dimethylformamide. Fractions were characterized by determining both the % add-on and the free polymer. Saponification of grafted copolymer was done by reaction with sodium hydroxide followed by methanol precipitation. The absorbent polymer so produced gave fair water retention values. The optimum reaction conditions obtained were: 20 mmol/L ceric ammonium nitrate solution in 1% nitric acid, soaking duration of 0.5 h at 40 °C for a polymerization time of 2 h and saponification time of 3 h. The percent grafting was 167.89%, grafting efficiency was 93.52% and water retention value was 389 g/g. The grafting was confirmed using FTIR. Sorption of different metal ions in the mixture, e.g. Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu and Pb, by grafted cellulosic and the hydrogel was also investigated. Hydrolysis increases the sorption affinity of grafted cellulose toward water and metal ions.

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Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto modified plantain pulp in the presence of ceric ions

Okieimen¹,

Uroghide²

1990

Angew. Makromol. Chem.

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Plantain pulp was modified by treatment with allyl chloride in diisopropyl ether at 60 "C which results in an average degree of substitution of 0.215 allyl chloride moieties per anhydroglucose unit (AGU). Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto modified and unmodified pulp was carried out at 29 "C using various concentrations of ceric ion initiator. It was found from the dependence of the extent of graft polymer formation on ceric ion concentration that termination of graft polymerization occurred mainly by the interaction of growing graft polymer chains with ceric ion and that the extent of graft polymer formation was markedly enhanced by the modification of the plantain pulp. The effect of isopropanol on the extent of graft polymer formation on the modified material was also examined. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG:Papierzellstoff wurde aus Bananenstaudenholz hergestellt und mit Allylchlorid in Diisopropylether bei 60 "C modifiziert; dabei wurde ein durchschnittlicher Substitutionsgrad von 0,215 Allylchlorid-Bausteinen pro Anhydroglucose-Einheit (AGU) erreicht. Die Pfropfcopolymerisation von Methylmethacrylat auf modifizierten und nicht modifizierten Papierzellstoff wurde bei 29 "C mit Ammoniumcer(1V)-sulfat ((NH,),Ce(SO,),) als Initiator durchgefuhrt. Aus der Abhangigkeit der Pfropfausbeute von der Cer(1V)-Konzentration wurde gefunden, daB der Abbruch der Pfropfpolymerisation im wesentlichen durch Reaktion mit Cer(1V)-Ionen erfolgt und daB die Pfropfausbeute durch die Modifizierung ausgesprochen erhoht wird. Der EinfluB von Isopropanol in verschiedener Konzentration auf die Pfropfausbeute von modifiziertem Material wurde ebenfalls untersucht.

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Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto bagasse and wood pulps

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Grafting of acrylonitrile onto cellulosic material derived from bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus)

Grafting of acrylonitrile onto cellulosic material derived from bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus)

Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto delignified native bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) cellulosic and its utilization potential for heavy metal uptake from aqueous medium

Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto modified plantain pulp in the presence of ceric ions

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