Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto modified plantain pulp in the presence of ceric ions

Okieimen, F. E.; Uroghide, I.N.

doi:10.1002/apmc.1990.051820105

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Grafting is the most suitable technique to impart different properties to the backbone polymer. A wide range of scientifically and technologically interesting polymeric materials have been produced by graft copolymerization 1–3…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of polystyrene properties through grafting with N‐vinylcarboxamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer

Aggour

2004

Polymer International

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Polystyrene (PS) possesses good mechanical properties, but its surface is relatively inert and hydrophobic. Grafting of N‐vinylcarboxamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid (VCMP) is useful to hydrophilize the PS surface. Grafting was performed using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as an initiator in toluene:methanol solvent mixture (3:1 volume ratio). The influence of the main factors on grafting, such as temperature, time, concentrations of initiator, PS and VCMP, has been studied. The results show that the initial rate of polymerization and percentage of grafting are enhanced by increased temperature. Furthermore, the specific rate constants of the first order reaction/are determined, and the activation energy of the grafting reaction is estimated. The grafting parameters are established and a suitable mechanism of the reaction is proposed. The grafted PS is to characterized through infrared spectra, intrinsic viscosity, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential gravimetric analysis (DTG). The kinetics of thermal degradation and the order of the thermal stabilities are given. Also the decomposition activation energies of the thermal degradation are determined, and confirm the thermal stabilities of the polymers used. © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of polystyrene properties through grafting with N‐vinylcarboxamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer

Aggour

2004

Polymer International

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“…An optimum graft yield can be seen at a ceric ion concentration of 16.7 × 10 −3 M , beyond which there is a significant reduction in the yield. The negative dependency of graft yield at higher ceric ion concentrations suggests that the latter is terminating the graft reactions, as was demonstrated for many systems involving ceric ion as a component of redox initiators 9–11. The decrease in graft yield is more profound when compared with the results for grafting of acrylonitrile on cellulosic fiber6 under identical reaction conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Graft copolymerization of acrylic acid on methylcellulose by ceric ion/p‐xylene redox pair

Eromosele

Zanna

2002

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The graft copolymerization of acrylic acid onto methylcellulose by ceric ion/p-xylene redox pair was investigated in aqueous media under homogeneous conditions. The graft yield dependency on p-xylene concentration in the range 1.8 -45.0 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 M showed a minimum and an enhanced yield when the methylcellulose interacted with ceric ion and p-xylene for an initial period of 10 min (preoxidation time) prior to addition of monomer to the reaction medium. This was attributed to the presence of two kinetically controlled reactions initiated by p-xylyl radical and diradical species. At prolonged preoxidation times of 30 and 60 min, the graft yield dependency on p-xylene concentration was normal and suggested the presence of only one initiating species. The effect of ceric ion on the graft reaction in the concentration range of 8.33-83.3 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 M was optimal at 131% graft yield for ceric ion concentration of 16.7 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 M and was reduced significantly by as much as 75% at the highest concentration of the latter. The temperature dependency of graft yield was negative in the region 30 -50°C. At 50°C the initial rate of graft was only 37% of the value at 30°C.

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“…Thus, for the graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile, methylmethacrylate, and acrylamide onto partially carboxymethylated cottons by ceric ions, the graft yields increased with the degree of substitution of the cellulose 6. Furthermore, ceric ion initiated graft copolymerization of methylmethacrylate onto allylated plantain pulp gave an increase in graft yield compared with the values for the unmodified fibers 8. Conversely, for grafting of methylmethacrylate on thiolated holocellulose by ceric ions, the graft yield decreased with increase in the degree of substitution of the cellulose 7…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The fiber was bleached by treatment with aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution and air‐dried. A certain portion of the bleached holocellulose was allylated 8. Specifically, 15 g of the fiber was reacted with 150 mL of a 20 wt % aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at 0°C for 15 min after which, it was filtered dry.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Derivatization of cellulose by the introduction of active functional groups onto it can influence the grafting of a number of vinyl monomers 6–9. Thus, for the graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile, methylmethacrylate, and acrylamide onto partially carboxymethylated cottons by ceric ions, the graft yields increased with the degree of substitution of the cellulose 6.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Grafting of acrylonitrile onto allylated caesarweed fibers by potassium permanganate – N,N′‐dimethylacetamide redox pair

Eromosele

Funmilayo

2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Caesarweed fiber, Urena lobata, was modified by successive treatment with sodium hydroxide and allylchloride in diethylether to yield an average degree of substitution of 2.73 allyl moieties per anhydroglucose unit. The presence of allyl moieties on the fiber was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto the unmodified and allyl-modified fibers was initiated by potassium permanganate -N,N 0 -dimethylacetamide redox pair in aqueous medium. The allyl fiber was markedly less reactive than the unmodified fiber with graft yields for the latter a factor of 2.3 higher than those of the former. This was attributed to resonance stabilization of allylic macroradicals of the fiber. The graft yield showed positive dependence on N,N 0 -dimethylacetamide concentration in the range, 9.0-45.0 3 10 24 M with P g /P go of up to 1.39 at the highest concentration. The conversion in graft yield was however characterized by a plateau at the latter concentration and was ascribed to termination of grafted polymer chains by methylacetylaminomethyl radical initiating species. Spectroscopic evidence in support of the latter was the absorption peak at 1680 cm 21 for the graft copolymers, characteristic of C¼ ¼O stretching vibration for tertiary amide. Acetic acid, at concentrations in the range 0.28-2.22M, was inimical to grafting of acrylonitrile onto allylfibre with P g /P go , of less than one. Grafting onto allylfiber showed positive temperature dependence in the range, 30-508C with calculated activation energy of 12.3 kcal mol 21 for the graft polymerization reaction.

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Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto modified plantain pulp in the presence of ceric ions

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

Modification of polystyrene properties through grafting with N‐vinylcarboxamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer

Modification of polystyrene properties through grafting with N‐vinylcarboxamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer

Graft copolymerization of acrylic acid on methylcellulose by ceric ion/p‐xylene redox pair

Grafting of acrylonitrile onto allylated caesarweed fibers by potassium permanganate – N,N′‐dimethylacetamide redox pair

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