The outlook for housing in Japan to the year 2000.

Ueda, Michichiko; Darr, David R.

doi:10.2737/pnw-rp-276

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…They estimated population growth, headship rates, the number of households, and vacancy rates, from which they projected housing starts and wood consumed per housing unit from 1980 to 2000. 427 They saw Japanese housing activity leveling or even declining during the period.…”

Section: Global Forestry Issues and International Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

Forest economics research at the Pacific Northwest Research Station, to 2000.

Flora¹

2003

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The contributions for over 80 years by scientists at the Pacific Northwest Research Station to developments in economic theory, economic tools, policies, and economic issues are summarized. This is a story of progressive accomplishments set against a constantly changing background of economic and social events.Keywords: Forest economics, forest policy, forest management, Pacific Northwest. Outlined here are PNW's 1 accomplishments in forest economics since the 1920s: contributions to theory, economic tools, and counsel to practicing foresters within and without the agency; and instances in which PNW's economics program made a difference to Western U.S. forestry. The format is roughly chronological. Every scientist and most publications will be mentioned, but the real intent is to portray the evolution of ideas, economic tools, and policy and economic issues to which they were applied. This is a story built on four forests. Any forester whose working life started in the 1950s at a far corner of the Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) region will have worked among the last of the old growth, measuring trees 10 feet and more in diameter. By then the harvest of the second growth, seeded during logging in the last decades of the 19th century, was well underway. In 2000 it is virtually finished. The triumphs of fire and insect control, the pride of occasional bursts of intensive silviculture, the regrets of over-or under-investment in woods things, all have passed with those mellow, fulsome stands. Trees planted in the 1950s and after are now moving down the highways, 20 and 40 to the truckload. This third forest is the product of myriad economic decisions made and economic events experienced. Even to hold forest land has been an act of economic faith, subject to revision at any time. The fourth forest is outside the door, growing. What will become of it is being influenced by new economic conditions, new information, and new views of the future. That is the stuff of forest economics research.The state of the art in resource economics seemingly depends on a disorderly mix of work done to date, strong personalities, fortuitous meanders, directed effort, treks along arcane technical lines, economic pressures, and screaming land-use conflicts. This section does not deal with what we knew when but, rather, with the changing world around us over eight decades.Although federal forestry studies had been underway in the Northwest for some time, PNW was formally commissioned in 1924, a product of politics and persuasion, history and economics. The 1920s blew in as 6 billion board feet of timber blew down in western Washington, and the Capper Report 2 appeared, both of which argued for research. The windstorm of 1921 generated economic questions of utilization, marketing, and export possibilities. The 1920 Capper Report was a Forest Service response to claims of overcutting on industry lands and to a call for regulation. No less than Gifford Pinchot favored corralling cutting in private forests. William B. Greele...

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Section: Global Forestry Issues and International Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

Forest economics research at the Pacific Northwest Research Station, to 2000.

Flora¹

2003

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“…Air with a relative humidity of 100% is saturated with water vapor pressure, and when the temperature of this air decreases, part of the water vapor condenses to form water droplets. This is called dew condensation [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hygrometer is a device that measures relative humidity by measuring changes in mechanical and electrical properties due to moisture absorption of humid air. It takes a long time to respond because it goes through the processes of moisture absorption and dehumidification, and it also has the drawback that it cannot be determined whether the absorbed moisture is water vapor or water droplets [3]. To suppression dew condensation, the object in contact with moist air must be below the saturation temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Status on Micro/Nano Gap Between Galvanic Arrays and Flowing Current Around 100% in Relative Humidity

Terada¹,

Sakamoto

Kawakita³

2020

ECS Trans.

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Dissimilar metal arrays with micron/nano gap detect water droplet and agglomerated molecules between them by galvanic action. At 100% in relative humidity (RH), dew condensation occurs on solid surface. The purpose of this study was to clarify the detection behaviour of the above-mentioned galvanic arrays around 100%RH and simultaneous measurement of galvanic current and observation of arrays and gap surface were carried out. Research results showed that the response current depended on RH owing to equilibrium of water molecules between vapor and adsorbed state on the sensor surface when RH increases up to 100%. At 100%RH, current showed steady value determined by balance between condensation of liquid water and evaporation of vapor. Once liquid water was formed on the sensor surface over 100%RH, the response current depended on the size of water determined kinetically. This dependence was observed during the decreasing process of the relative humidity over 100% and even under 100%.

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An analysis of the timber situation in the United States: 1989-2040

Haynes¹

1990

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The outlook for housing in Japan to the year 2000.

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Forest economics research at the Pacific Northwest Research Station, to 2000.

Forest economics research at the Pacific Northwest Research Station, to 2000.

Water Status on Micro/Nano Gap Between Galvanic Arrays and Flowing Current Around 100% in Relative Humidity

An analysis of the timber situation in the United States: 1989-2040

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