The Origins and Development of Psychopathology in Females and Males

Zahn‐Waxler, Carolyn; Crick, Nicki R.; Shirtcliff, Elizabeth A.; Woods, Kathleen E.

doi:10.1002/9780470939383.ch4

Cited by 65 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 498 publications

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“…This means that males were as likely as females to think both negatively and positively. In compliance with previous findings [41], our results have shown that gender was significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with both depression and anxiety, but this correlation was a negligible relationship, according the criteria r.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The relationship between negative and positive cognition and psychopathological states in adults aged 18 to 20

Alsaleh

Lebreuilly

et al. 2016

Journal de Thérapie Comportementale et Cognitive

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SummaryWe have examined the relationships between positive and negative thinking and depression and anxiety. A total of 102 students have participated in this study. The Negative Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire and Positive Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire were used to evaluate negative and positive thoughts, respectively. The Beck Depression Inventory and the Beck Anxiety Inventory were used to assess psychopathological states. Depression was correlated with negative thinking (r = 0.77; P < 0.01) and gender (r = 0.13; P < 0.05), and inversely correlated with positive thinking (r = −0.45; P < 0.01). Multiple linear regressions showed that both negative and positive thinking affected depression (F = 148.04 and F = 13.86, respectively; P < 0.01). Anxiety was correlated with negative thinking (r = 0.62; P < 0.01), and inversely correlated with positive thinking (r = −0.31; P < 0.01) and gender (r = −0.11; P < 0.05). Depressed, non-anxious participants had higher negative thinking scores (P < 0.05) than non-depressed, non-anxious subjects who had lower positive thinking scores (P < 0.05) than non-depressed, nonanxious ones. Depression and anxiety were explained by negative thinking more than positive thinking. A decrease in depression and anxiety could be linked to a decrease in negative * Corresponding author. MOTS CLÉSCognition ; Pensées négatives ; Pensée positive ; État psychopathologique ; Dépression ; Anxiété ; Thérapies comportementales et cognitives Résumé La dépression se caractérise par la présence de pensées négatives, sur soi, sur le monde et sur l'avenir, ce que Beck a appelé la triade cognitive. Les pensées automatiques négatives sont supposées jouer un rôle central dans le développement et la persistance de la dépression (Hollon et Kendall, 1980) et de l'anxiété (Hollon et Kendall, 1980 Sanne et al., 2012). Cependant, le rôle des pensées positives dans la dépression et l'anxiété n'est pas très évident. Notre étude a pour but d'examiner le rôle des auto-déclarations négatives et positives sur le niveau d'anxiété et de dépression des étudiants. Notre échantillon se compose de 102 étudiants âgés de 18 à 20 ans, déprimés, non déprimés, anxieux et non anxieux. Les résultats de l'étude nous ont permis de mettre en évidence deux types de pensées liés aux troubles psychologiques. Premièrement, les pensées automatiques négatives sont fortement activées chez les étudiants déprimés, alors qu'elles le sont beaucoup moins chez les étudiants non déprimés. Deuxièmement, à l'inverse ce sont les pensées automatiques positives qui sont plus activées chez les étudiants non déprimés par comparaison avec les étudiants déprimés. Dans notre étude, la pensée négative est positivement corrélée avec la dépression et l'anxiété (p < 0,01). Cependant, la pensée positive est négativement corrélée avec la dépression et l'anxiété (p < 0,01). Les résultats de la régression multiple linéaire montrent que les pensées négatives et positives ont contribué de manière significative (p < 0,001) à expliquer la variance dans la dépression....

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The relationship between negative and positive cognition and psychopathological states in adults aged 18 to 20

Alsaleh

Lebreuilly

et al. 2016

Journal de Thérapie Comportementale et Cognitive

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“…However, research conducted specific to girls' delinquency indicates that interpersonal relationships may be particularly influential for girls (Gore, Aseltine, & Colten, 1993;Maccoby, 1998;Zahn-Waxler, Crick, Shirtcliff, & Woods, 2005), perhaps due to girls' tendency to place higher value on interpersonal relationships than boys (Gore et al, 1993). Some types of peer relationships receive higher priority than others for girls, especially after puberty when romantic relationships begin to change gender dynamics (Giordano, Longmore, & Manning, 2006;Solomon, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…During childhood, parents encourage behaviors in girls that include higher interpersonal awareness, prosocial behavior, empathy, emotional sharing, perspective taking, and relationship closeness (Brody, 1985;Keenan & Shaw, 1997;Leaper, 2002;McClure, 2000;Zahn-Waxler et al, 2005). In addition, girls are more highly supervised by parents and are encouraged to participate in relationally oriented activities, such as babysitting.…”

Section: Girls' Relational Orientationmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Going Along to Get Along? Interpersonal Processes and Girls' Delinquency

Wike

Miller

Winn

et al. 2013

Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment

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Although social development research indicates that affiliation with delinquent peers predicts adolescent delinquent behavior, less is known about how peer relationships may impact girls' delinquent behavior differently than boys' behavior. To address this gap, this study examines adjudicated girls' perceptions of how their peer relationships impacted their decisions to engage in delinquency. Through in-depth, semi-structured interviews, a sample of eight adjudicated girls shared their perceptions of how same-gender friendships, opposite-gender non-romantic friendships, and opposite-gender romantic relationships influenced their choices to enact delinquent behavior. The study findings offer important implications for designing future gender-specific programming to prevent and/or reduce girls' delinquency.

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“…By contrast, narcissistic and antisocial personality disorders can be interpreted in the context of pathologically high levels of selfishness (and low agreeableness) [150], at an opposite extreme. These considerations suggest the possibility of psychological 'disorders of inclusive fitness maximizing', involving either hyperaltruism (with behaviour expressed even if rb 2c , 0) or hypoaltruism (with rb À c ) 0 required for behavioural expression); (2) Borderline personality disorder, which is strongly mediated by insecure attachment and childhood maltreatment, involves dysregulation of the oxytocinergic system [151] but enhancement of empathy-related, 'mind-reading' skills, compared with controls [152]; (3) Neuroticism, anxiety and depression in adolescent and young adult females may commonly result from high levels of altruism-related empathy and social sensitivity, coupled with stressful or abusive family environments [153,154].…”

Section: (F ) Social Interactions With Kin Early In Life Generate Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

First principles of Hamiltonian medicine

Crespi

Foster

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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We introduce the field of Hamiltonian medicine, which centres on the roles of genetic relatedness in human health and disease. Hamiltonian medicine represents the application of basic social-evolution theory, for interactions involving kinship, to core issues in medicine such as pathogens, cancer, optimal growth and mental illness. It encompasses three domains, which involve conflict and cooperation between: (i) microbes or cancer cells, within humans, (ii) genes expressed in humans, (iii) human individuals. A set of six core principles, based on these domains and their interfaces, serves to conceptually organize the field, and contextualize illustrative examples. The primary usefulness of Hamiltonian medicine is that, like Darwinian medicine more generally, it provides novel insights into what data will be productive to collect, to address important clinical and public health problems. Our synthesis of this nascent field is intended predominantly for evolutionary and behavioural biologists who aspire to address questions directly relevant to human health and disease.

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The Origins and Development of Psychopathology in Females and Males

Cited by 65 publications

References 498 publications

The relationship between negative and positive cognition and psychopathological states in adults aged 18 to 20

The relationship between negative and positive cognition and psychopathological states in adults aged 18 to 20

Going Along to Get Along? Interpersonal Processes and Girls' Delinquency

First principles of Hamiltonian medicine

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