The organophosphorous insecticide chlorpyrifos affects the neuroepithelial junction, the bioelectric parameters of the skin of the frog Caudiverbera caudiverbera, and the structure of model cell membranes

Suwalsky, Mario; Benites, Maritza; Norris, Beryl; Sotomayor, Carlos P.

doi:10.1016/j.pestbp.2003.07.001

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Moreover, now a day, goat milk is extremely used in the cosmetics industry in the manufacturing of skin whitening soaps, creams, body lotions, shampoos, hair conditioners and after shave lotions, which are marketed in many countries such as US and Switzerland [27]. Being, lipophilic in nature, pesticides if present in the milk can easily penetrate into the skin and may lead to skin toxicity [28]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative structure activity relationship and risk analysis of some pesticides in the goat milk

Muhammad

Awais

Akhtar

et al. 2013

J Environ Health Sci Engineer

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The detection and quantification of different pesticides in the goat milk samples collected from different localities of Faisalabad, Pakistan was performed by HPLC using solid phase microextraction. The analysis showed that about 50% milk samples were contaminated with pesticides. The mean±SEM levels (ppm) of cyhalothrin, endosulfan, chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin were 0.34±0.007, 0.063±0.002, 0.034±0.002 and 0.092±0.002, respectively; whereas, methyl parathion was not detected in any of the analyzed samples. Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) models were suggested to predict the residues of unknown pesticides in the goat milk using their known physicochemical characteristics including molecular weight (MW), melting point (MP), and log octanol to water partition coefficient (Ko/w) in relation to the characteristics such as pH, % fat, specific gravity and refractive index of goat milk. The analysis revealed good correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.985) for goat QSAR model. The coefficients for Ko/w and refractive index for the studied pesticides were higher in goat milk. This suggests that these are better determinants for pesticide residue prediction in the milk of these animals. Based upon the determined pesticide residues and their provisional tolerable daily intakes, risk analysis was also conducted which showed that daily intake levels of pesticide residues including cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin in present study are 2.68, 5.19 and 2.71 times higher, respectively in the goat milk. This intake of pesticide contaminated milk might pose health hazards to humans in this locality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative structure activity relationship and risk analysis of some pesticides in the goat milk

Muhammad

Awais

Akhtar

et al. 2013

J Environ Health Sci Engineer

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“…Disrupted ChE activity is known to cause increased mortality, reduced activity, increased vulnerability to predators, and reduced growth of tadpoles (Cowman and Mazanti, 2000). Chlorpyrifos particularly disrupts both cholinergic and adrenergic functions in the nervous system (Suwalsky et al, 2003).This might cause a substantial effect on survival even at very low concentrations. Moreover, Suwalsky et al (2003) demonstrated that high solubility of chlorpyrifos in lipid medium enhances its interference on the neuroepithelial junction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chlorpyrifos particularly disrupts both cholinergic and adrenergic functions in the nervous system (Suwalsky et al, 2003).This might cause a substantial effect on survival even at very low concentrations. Moreover, Suwalsky et al (2003) demonstrated that high solubility of chlorpyrifos in lipid medium enhances its interference on the neuroepithelial junction. It affects ion transport across the cell membrane and induces changes in the lipid-protein interface of the cell membrane resulting in heavy mortality (Suwalsky et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute and chronic toxicity of four commonly used agricultural pesticides on the Asian common toad, Bufo melanostictus Schneider

Jayawardena¹,

Navaratne

Amerasinghe

et al. 2011

J. Natn. Sci. Foundation Sri Lanka

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Laboratory and field studies provide evidence that pesticides may play a role in population declines, range reductions and species extinctions of amphibians. The present study examined the acute and chronic toxicity of four commonly used agricultural pesticides, chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, glyphosate and propanil on the survival, growth and development of malformations in the Asian common toad, Bufo melanostictus, under laboratory conditions. The 48 hour LC 50 values of the chemicals were within the Pesticide Area Network (PAN) specified limits, except for propanil, which was less than the PAN specified value. Acute exposure to high concentrations of propanil may have a high direct toxic effect on the Asian common toad. The survival of the tadpoles with chronic exposure to ecologically relevant doses of the four pesticides was significantly reduced (survival in chlorpyrifos 39%, dimethoate 41%, glyphosate 36% and propanil 40% in the highest concentration) than in the control group (93%). Exposed tadpoles took more time to metamorphose but were larger in size than the control tadpoles. They also developed malformations at high frequencies (chlorpyrifos 30%, dimethoate 25%, glyphosate 35% and propanil 15% in the highest concentration). Malformations were mainly axial, including kyphosis (hunched back) and scoliosis (curvature) while skin ulcers and oedemas were also observed. Severe limb malformations such as extra or missing limbs as reported for other species of amphibians exposed to pesticides were not observed in the Asian common toad. None of the tadpoles in the control group had any malformations. Glyphosate exposed metamorphs recorded the highest mortality and malformations at high concentrations (1.0 ppm). However, a profound toxic effect was observed in chlorpyrifos exposed group even at low concentrations (0.1 ppm). The study shows that exposure to commonly used agrochemicals poses serious risk to amphibians in Sri Lanka and highlights the importance of investigating the level of agricultural pesticides in freshwater ecosystems and their effect on non-target organisms.

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“…Its presence in water can also affect non-aquatic species via food chains (Maseli et al 2010, Smalling et al 2015. In addition, chlorpyrifos caused reversible, concentration-dependent inhibition of the frog noradrenergic junction response to nerve stimulation, possibly due to nonspecific lipid perturbation and protein perturbation, interfering with synaptic transmission and membrane properties (Suwalsky et al 2003). Therefore, H. rugulosus collected from the agricultural area can pose a health hazard for consumers.…”

Section: Chlorpyrifos Concentrations In H Rugulosus Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxicity Evaluation of the East Asian Bullfrog (<i>Hoplobatrachus rugulosus</i>) in an Agricultural Area Affected by Chlorpyrifos

et al. 2017

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This study aimed to investigate chlorpyrifos contamination and chromosome aberrations in H. rugulosus in an affected agricultural area compared to an unaffected area. Five H. rugulosus were collected. Chlorpyrifos concentrations were analyzed with a gas chromatograph equipped with dual capillary columns and a flame photometric detector (GC-FPD). Chromosome aberrations were studied in bone marrow. The average chlorpyrifos concentrations in H. rugulosus samples from the agricultural and unaffected areas were 11.43 7.91 and 0.31 0.31 mg kg 1 , respectively. The difference in chlorpyrifos concentrations in H. rugulosus samples between the areas was significant (p 0.05). The diploid chromosome number in H. rugulosus from both areas was 2n=26, and the numbers of chromosome aberrations in H. rugulosus in the agricultural area were higher than those in the unaffected area. There are five types of chromosome aberrations, including single chromatid gap (SCG), single chromatid break (SCB), deletion (D), centric gap (CG), and centric fragmentation (CF). The most common chromosome aberrations in the samples from the affected area were CG. The difference in chromosomal aberrations in H. rugulosus between the areas was significant (p 0.05).

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The organophosphorous insecticide chlorpyrifos affects the neuroepithelial junction, the bioelectric parameters of the skin of the frog Caudiverbera caudiverbera, and the structure of model cell membranes

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Quantitative structure activity relationship and risk analysis of some pesticides in the goat milk

Quantitative structure activity relationship and risk analysis of some pesticides in the goat milk

Acute and chronic toxicity of four commonly used agricultural pesticides on the Asian common toad, Bufo melanostictus Schneider

Cytotoxicity Evaluation of the East Asian Bullfrog (<i>Hoplobatrachus rugulosus</i>) in an Agricultural Area Affected by Chlorpyrifos

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