Cytotoxicity Evaluation of the East Asian Bullfrog (<i>Hoplobatrachus rugulosus</i>) in an Agricultural Area Affected by Chlorpyrifos

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate chlorpyrifos contamination and chromosome aberrations in H. rugulosus in an affected agricultural area compared to an unaffected area. Five H. rugulosus were collected. Chlorpyrifos concentrations were analyzed with a gas chromatograph equipped with dual capillary columns and a flame photometric detector (GC-FPD). Chromosome aberrations were studied in bone marrow. The average chlorpyrifos concentrations in H. rugulosus samples from the agricultural and unaffected areas were 11.43 7.91 and 0.31 0.31 mg kg 1 , respectively. The difference in chlorpyrifos concentrations in H. rugulosus samples between the areas was significant (p 0.05). The diploid chromosome number in H. rugulosus from both areas was 2n=26, and the numbers of chromosome aberrations in H. rugulosus in the agricultural area were higher than those in the unaffected area. There are five types of chromosome aberrations, including single chromatid gap (SCG), single chromatid break (SCB), deletion (D), centric gap (CG), and centric fragmentation (CF). The most common chromosome aberrations in the samples from the affected area were CG. The difference in chromosomal aberrations in H. rugulosus between the areas was significant (p 0.05).

Genome-Wide SNP Analysis of Male and Female Rice Field Frogs, Hoplobatrachus rugulosus, Supports a Non-Genetic Sex Determination System

“…Most Dicroglossidae, Ranidae, Mantellidae, and Rhacophoridae family members have highly conserved karyotypes with diploid chromosome numbers (2n) ranging from 22 to 26, with GSD. Our chromosome analyses of the rice field frog revealed that it has a highly conserved karyotype with 2n = 26, in line with previous reports [67][68][69][70][71][72], although slight karyotypic variation with different numbers of metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes was observed among different origins of specimens. This type of variation was also reported in the bullfrog (H. tigerinus, 2n = 26), which is a closely related species [73], possibly resulting from the presence of small inversions, translocations, or heterochromatin propagation in the lineages of the rice field frog and the bullfrog.…”

Karyotype and Chromosome Behavior Analyses in Three Regions of the Indomalayan Realm

“…Professor Tanomtong and his coworkers are currently analyzing karyotypes of several species in these regions, including Rhinolophus coelophyllus; R. pusillus (Patawang et al 2017c); Axis (Khongcharoensuk et al 2017); Varanus bengalensis Tanomtong 2017, Patawang et al 2017a); Lipinia vittigera (Patawang, et al 2017b); Microhylid spp. (Sangpakdee et al 2017); Hoplobatrachus rugulosus (Tengjaroenkul et al 2017); the three-spot damselfish Dascyllus trimaculatus (Getlekha et al 2017); the tropical oyster Crassostera belcheri (Chooseangjaew et al 2017); freshwater fish, such as Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Sriuttha et al 2017); freshwater perciforms Channa marulius and C. marulioides (Sarasan et al 2018); the hihgfin barb fish, Cyclocheilichthys armatus (Chaiyasan et al 2018); and the black lancer, Bagrichthys majusculus (Supiwong et al 2018).…”