The optimum placement-site of the electrode in electric pulp testing of the 12 anterior teeth

Bender, I.B.; Landau, Michael S.; Fonsecca, Sara; Trowbridge, Henry O.

doi:10.14219/jada.archive.1989.0096

Cited by 92 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This could be explained as resulting from pressure or tension on apical nerve fibers. 19,20 As was suggested by Bender et al 18 in their study on posttraumatic teeth, no response to EPT occurs immediately after trauma caused by the concussion syndrome; however, this response normally returns over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…This has been shown to be the most effective site of electrical testing because of its close proximity to the pulp horns. [18][19][20][26][27][28] During testing, current flow was increased slowly from the initial zero current state by adjusting the variable voltage control. Readings were recorded as the perception threshold stimulating current in microamperes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In orthodontic patients, for whom force application might have the physiological status of the pulpal element, the response of pulp to electrical stimulation becomes inconsistent. [18][19][20] Of possible force vectors that can be applied to the teeth during orthodontic treatment, intrusion is thought to have the greatest impact on the apical region 3,[21][22][23][24] in that it may cause ''strangulation'' of the pulp by occluding the apical blood supply. 25 To date, no studies have evaluated AST activity in the dental pulp during orthodontic tooth intrusion, and no data have been generated about the response of intruded teeth to electrical pulp testing (EPT).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Intrusive Force on Selected Determinants of Pulp Vitality

Veberiene

Smailienė²,

Danielytė

et al. 2009

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: To determine the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the pulp of orthodontically intruded teeth and to test the sensitivity of these teeth by means of electrical pulp testing (EPT). Materials and Methods:The study sample consisted of 21 healthy subjects who needed extraction of first premolars for orthodontic reasons. In every subject, one premolar included in a 0.016Љ-0.022Љ stainless steel spring from the first molar and loaded by the force was regarded as a test tooth. The magnitude of the intrusive tipping force for every tooth was calculated with the use of ANSYS 10.0 software. The contralateral premolar was used as a control tooth. After 7 days, the spring was removed, and EPT was applied to test and control teeth. The teeth were extracted, and the dental pulp was removed. AST activity in the pulp was determined spectrophotometrically at 20ЊC. Results: Estimated mean AST activity values ranged from 0.572 Ϯ 0.097 U/mg in the test teeth to 0.348 Ϯ 0.053 U/mg in the control teeth (P Ͻ .01). The EPT test showed significant differences between test and control teeth (P Ͻ .001). The mean estimated magnitude of the intrusive tipping force was 61 Ϯ 4.5 g. Conclusion:Seven days of orthodontic intrusion can cause metabolic changes in the pulp expressed by increased AST activity. The increased threshold in the pulp reaction to EPT indicates changes in the neural response of the pulp.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Intrusive Force on Selected Determinants of Pulp Vitality

Veberiene

Smailienė²,

Danielytė

et al. 2009

The Angle Orthodontist

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“…The main sensory fibres pass out to the pulp-dentine border to f o rm the plexus of Raschkow. 6 -9 The highest concentration of neural elements is found in the pulpal horn s. 6 Intra-dental sensory nerve fibres respond to stimuli and conduct impulses, yet if their integrity is disrupted or their physiological status altered their response thresholds may be changed. E l e c t rical tests stimulate the fast acting, low threshold, myelinated A fibres.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 In the case of the orthodontic patient where force application has altered the physiological status of the pulpal elements, reports suggest that the responsiveness of the pulp to electrical stimulation becomes inconsistent. 6,7 Vascular changes causing hypoxia may suppress A fibre response. However, C fibre response would seem to be more persistent in the presence of hypoxia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of early orthodontic force application on pulp test responses

Hall¹,

Freer

1998

Australian Dental Journal

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The effects of orthodontic tooth movement on pulpal responses are of interest to the clinician. Alterations to pulpal physiology may result in altered responses to external stimuli. This pilot project tested a small group of orthodontic patients during the early stages of treatment. Heat, cold and electrical stimuli were applied prior to treatment, after the placement of fixed appliances and after one month of force application. A smaller group was tested after two months of force application. One month after force application there was a lack of response to electrical stimulation but there was continued response to thermal stimulation. The lack of response to electrical stimulation continued in the smaller group up to two months. The results suggest that the outcome of electric pulp testing during orthodontic treatment should be interpreted cautiously. Thermal testing will offer more reliable data.

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Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Sigurdsson

2019

Essential Endodontology

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The optimum placement-site of the electrode in electric pulp testing of the 12 anterior teeth

Cited by 92 publications

References 19 publications

Effects of Intrusive Force on Selected Determinants of Pulp Vitality

Effects of Intrusive Force on Selected Determinants of Pulp Vitality

The effects of early orthodontic force application on pulp test responses

Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

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