Abstract:This study aims to describe the occurrence, severity degree, and correlated risk factors of dental fluorosis among the 12-year-old schoolchildren of Jilin, China.
We conducted a cross-sectional, observational, and descriptive study among 960 12-year-old schoolchildren in Jilin. The Dean index was utilized to evaluate the severity degree of dental fluorosis. A questionnaire was sent to the guardians of children. Community fluorosis index was measured to estimate the importance of enamel fluorosis for… Show more
“…The prevalence of dental fluorosis has increased worldwide due to increasing levels of fluoride exposure. In countries such as Ecuador [27], Tanzania [28], Thailand [29], Mexico [30], China [31], the United States [32], and Chile [33], prevalence rates of 63.7%, 89.7%, 53.4%, 30.5%, 35.6%, and 53.31% have been reported among children aged 6 to 12 years, respectively. This increase has predominantly affected milder forms of fluorosis in communities exposed to fluoride.…”
In situations where breastfeeding is impractical, milk formulas have emerged as the primary choice for infant nutrition. Numerous global studies have scrutinized the fluoride content in these formulas, uncovering fluctuations in fluoride levels directly associated with the method of preparation. This variability poses a potential risk of elevated fluoride concentrations and, consequently, an increased susceptibility to dental fluorosis in infants. The primary objective of this review is to intricately delineate the fluoride content in dairy formulas and emphasize the variability of these values concerning their reconstitution process. The review’s findings reveal that, among the 17 studies assessing fluoride levels in infant formula, milk-based formulas exhibit a range of 0.01–0.92 ppm, with only two studies exceeding 1.30 ppm. Conversely, soy-based formulas demonstrate values ranging from 0.13–1.11 ppm. In conclusion, the observed variability in fluoride levels in infant formulas is ascribed to the choice of the water source employed in the preparation process. This underscores the paramount importance of meticulously adhering to recommendations and guidelines provided by healthcare professionals concerning the utilization of these formulas and their meticulous reconstitution.
“…The prevalence of dental fluorosis has increased worldwide due to increasing levels of fluoride exposure. In countries such as Ecuador [27], Tanzania [28], Thailand [29], Mexico [30], China [31], the United States [32], and Chile [33], prevalence rates of 63.7%, 89.7%, 53.4%, 30.5%, 35.6%, and 53.31% have been reported among children aged 6 to 12 years, respectively. This increase has predominantly affected milder forms of fluorosis in communities exposed to fluoride.…”
In situations where breastfeeding is impractical, milk formulas have emerged as the primary choice for infant nutrition. Numerous global studies have scrutinized the fluoride content in these formulas, uncovering fluctuations in fluoride levels directly associated with the method of preparation. This variability poses a potential risk of elevated fluoride concentrations and, consequently, an increased susceptibility to dental fluorosis in infants. The primary objective of this review is to intricately delineate the fluoride content in dairy formulas and emphasize the variability of these values concerning their reconstitution process. The review’s findings reveal that, among the 17 studies assessing fluoride levels in infant formula, milk-based formulas exhibit a range of 0.01–0.92 ppm, with only two studies exceeding 1.30 ppm. Conversely, soy-based formulas demonstrate values ranging from 0.13–1.11 ppm. In conclusion, the observed variability in fluoride levels in infant formulas is ascribed to the choice of the water source employed in the preparation process. This underscores the paramount importance of meticulously adhering to recommendations and guidelines provided by healthcare professionals concerning the utilization of these formulas and their meticulous reconstitution.
“…The prevalence of dental fluorosis is rising throughout the world due to higher levels of fluoride exposure, with a prevalence of roughly 89.7% in 12–17-year-olds in Northern Tanzania [ 4 ] and 63.7% among 12-year-olds in Quito, Ecuador [ 5 ]. The prevalence of dental fluorosis among Mexican 6–12-year-olds and Thai 8–12-year olds is 98% and 53.4%, respectively [ 6 , 7 ], and the average prevalence of dental fluorosis in Jilin, China is 30.5% (range: 8.33% − 64.17%) [ 8 ].…”
Background
We aimed to explore saliva microbiome alterations in dental fluorosis population.
Methods
The prevalence of dental fluorosis was examined in 957 college students. Dean’s fluorosis index was used to evaluate the dental fluorosis status. Changes in the composition of the salivary microbiome were assessed in a subset of these patients (100 healthy controls, 100 dental fluorosis patients).
Results
Dental fluorosis affected 47% of the student sample, and incidence was unrelated to gender. Compared with healthy controls, the microbiota of patients with dental fluorosis exhibited increased diversity, with increased abundance of
Treponema lecithinolyticum, Vibrio metschnikovii
,
Cupriavidus pauculus
,
Pseudomonas
,
Pseudomonadaceae
,
Pseudomonadales
, and decreased abundance of
Streptococcus mutans
,
Streptococcus sanguinis
,
Gemella
, and
Staphylococcales
. Function analyses showed increases in arginine biosynthesis in patients affected by dental fluorosis, together with reductions in amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism, and starch and sucrose metabolism.
Conclusions
These results suggest that there are striking differences in salivary microbiome between healthy controls and dental fluorosis patients. Dental fluorosis may contribute to periodontitis and systemic lung diseases. There is a need for cohort studies to determine whether altering the salivary microbiota in dental fluorosis patients can alter the development of oral or systemic diseases.
“…In 2020, the total number of older adults over the age of 65 in this three provinces exceeded 23 million, and the dependency coefficient of older adults was between 11.82% and 21.11% [ 3 ]. With the increase in the life expectancy of older adults, the physical state of older adults varies, and the functions of various organs and bodily functions decline, so making health a key issue in old age [ 4 , 5 ]. In 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) formally defined healthy ageing as "the process of developing and maintaining the functions required for healthy life in old age" [ 6 ].…”
Background
The self-rated health of older adults (SHOA) plays an important role in enhancing their medical service utilization and quality of life. However, the determinants and magnitude variations in SHOA at the family level (SHOAFL) remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the status and equitable level of SHOAFL in China, as well as to analyze the influencing factors and the precise nature and scope of their impacts.
Methods
This study analyzed the data from the "Chinese residents' health service needs survey in the New Era", and included a total of 1413 families with older adults. The status and influencing factors of SHOAFL were analyzed using mean comparison and Logistic regression (LR) models. The Concentration Index method was used to explore the equity of the distribution of SHOAFL. The relationship between differences in personal characteristics among family members and differences in SHOA was determined by the method of Coupling Coordination Degree (CCD).
Results
The total score of SHOAFL was 66.36 ± 15.47, and LR results revealed that the factors with a significant impact on SHOAFL were number of people living in family, distance to the nearest medical service institution, travel time to the nearest medical service institution, annual family income, yearly family medical and health expenditures, average age, and residence (all P < 0.05). The Concentration index of SHOAFL ranged from -0.0315 to 0.0560. CCD of the differences between SHOA and medical insurance and smoking status were 0.9534 and 0.7132, respectively.
Conclusion
The SHOAFL was found to be generally but more inclined towards urban families with high incomes and a short time to medical service institution. The observed disparities in SHOA among family members were mostly attributable to differences in health insurance and pre-retirement occupations. The status and equality of SHOAFL may be improved if policymakers prioritize making services more accessible to older rural residents with low incomes. Concurrently, reducing the existing discrepancy in health insurance coverage between older couples may also enhance their health.
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