The non-easily ionized elements as spectrochemical buffers

Tripković, M.; Radovanov, Svetlana; Holclajtner-Antunović, Ivanka; Todorović, M.

doi:10.1007/bf00481187

Cited by 10 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Plant samples were typically the case of easily ionizable elements (EIEs) as matrix effects [5,6,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24] and analytes signals were affected by the presence of high concentrations of elements efficiently ionized such as K, Ca or Mg. EIEs are strongly ionized in the plasma and cause enhancement of electron number density in the coolest plasma zones [24] which probably increase size with the particles effect for highest matrix concentrations. Thus, EIEs cause a shift in the relative number of atoms and ions towards atom by ionelectron recombination reactions [18,21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Matrix effects during trace elements analysis in plant samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry with axial view configuration and ultrasonic nebulizer

et al. 1999

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Abstract. Plant matrix effects have been characterized during trace element analysis by axial view inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry with ultrasonic nebulizer. Six elements were studied: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, and Pb. The interferences were simulated by measuring analyte signals on solutions containing various concentrations of elements encountered in mineralized plant samples such as K, Ca, Mg, P, Na, Fe and Mn. Signal suppression is observed for the ionic lines and signal enhancement occurred for atomic lines. The effects were found to be caused by particles and easily ionizable elements (EIEs) into the central channel of the plasma. The particle vaporization led to lower plasma temperatures and decreased emission intensities. EIEs changed the ion/atom ratio toward atom and improved the atomic emission intensities. Use of a plant sample on the analytical signal of trace elements led to same conclusions. The matrix effects can be removed by using high generator power especially for the ionic spectra lines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, EIEs cause a shift in the relative number of atoms and ions towards atom by ionelectron recombination reactions [18,21]. The axial dependence of analyte emission intensities in the presence of an excess of EIEs was investigated previously [19,20,22]. It can be resumed that ionic lines of analytes are decreased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Matrix effects during trace elements analysis in plant samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry with axial view configuration and ultrasonic nebulizer

et al. 1999

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“…or (8) where β 1 k c = k c(1) and β 1 is the fraction of electrons undergoing radiative recombination to the excited state, and where Q 12 is the collision cross-section between particles 1 and 2, and μ is their reduced mass. Since n e(Ar) >> n e , eq.…”

Section: Theoreticalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Departure from local thermal equilibrium during ICP-AES and FAES: Characterization in terms of collisional radiative recombination activation energy

Zaranyika

Mahamadi

2013

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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A simplified rate model is presented showing that when analytes are determined by atomic spectroscopy first in the absence, and then in the presence, of easily ionizable elements (EIEs) as interferents, the change in collisional radiative recombination activation energy, ΔE a , is zero when the system conforms to local thermal equilibrium (LTE). ΔE a values of -7.462, -7.925, and -8.898 eV were obtained when Ca(II), Mg(II), and Sr(II), respectively, were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) in the absence and presence of excess Li, while ΔE a values of -6.477 and -7.481 eV were obtained when Mg(II) and Sr(II), respectively, were determined in the absence and presence of excess K as interferent. A value of -2.223 eV for ΔE a was obtained when Mg(I) was determined by air-acetylene flame atomic emission spectrometry (FAES) in the absence and presence of excess K. The data confirm that all the systems studied were not in LTE, and suggest pre-LTE collisional radiative recombination in the absence of the interferent in all cases, and that collisional radiative recombination involving electrons from the interferent can occur from the ambipolar diffusion state or the LTE state. Possible causes for departure from LTE, and a possible collisional radiative recombination mechanism to account for the ΔE a values obtained, are discussed.

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“…10,11 Owing to its high selectivity, FES usually provides for a fast and reliable quantication in agreement with clinical standards by taking advantage of the characteristic prominent yellow emission from sodium. The performance of FES can nonetheless be altered by the presence of easily ionized elements [12][13][14][15][16] leading to biased quantication of low sodium content or trace elements. This situation is mainly encountered in complex samples such as urine, for which the normal sodium level is located in the range 40-220 mmol L À1 per day, where the matrix composition shows great variability from sample to sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple design atomic emission spectrometer combined with multivariate image analysis for the determination of sodium content in urine

et al. 2017

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The non-easily ionized elements as spectrochemical buffers

Cited by 10 publications

References 3 publications

Matrix effects during trace elements analysis in plant samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry with axial view configuration and ultrasonic nebulizer

Matrix effects during trace elements analysis in plant samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry with axial view configuration and ultrasonic nebulizer

Departure from local thermal equilibrium during ICP-AES and FAES: Characterization in terms of collisional radiative recombination activation energy

A simple design atomic emission spectrometer combined with multivariate image analysis for the determination of sodium content in urine

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