The New Jersey Project on Airborne Toxic Elements and Organic Substances (ATEOS): A Summary of the 1981 Summer and 1982 Winter Studies

An Overview of the Rio de Janeiro Aerosol Characterization Study

“…The concentrations of total extractable organic matter (EOM = CX + DCM + ACE) in Rio were similar to those reported for a mixed industrial/ residential site in Newark, N.J. during winter, but were 70 percent higher than summer levels at this site, 10 The distribution of the mass among the three EOM fractions differed considerably from those observed for wintertime samples collected in the two U.S. cities, as shown in Table VI and -- 7 For the Rio samples, approximately half of the mass was in the nonpolar fraction, with only 40 percent in the ACE fraction. The distribution for the Rio samples is similar to that observed for samples collected in the Caldecott Tunnel 28 and is consistent with greater contributions from motor vehicle emissions.…”

“…14 Average concentrations of PAH were similar for the daytime and nighttime periods and were similar to those measured in the U.S. cities during wintertime but higher than those reported for summertime. 10 - 13 Levels of PAH in both Rio and U.S. cities were an order of magnitude lower than those reported for Beijing, China.…”

“…8 ' 10 -15 - 20 Concentrations of extractable particulate organic matter measured in Rio were only slightly higher than levels recently measured in several cities in New Jersey, 10 -19 while levels of PAH were comparable to those measured during winter in the U.S. The overall composition of the wintertime Rio aerosol differed significantly from that observed for eastern U.S. cities in several respects.…”

“…Concentrations of resuspended soil can vary considerably both within and among cities depending upon geographical and meteorological factors. The percentage of resuspended soil in the Rio IPM during this period was higher than those estimated for the two ATEOS sites in New Jersey, 18 for two sites in Philadelphia 10 and for a site in Detroit 21 but was lower than the 45 percent estimated for two sites in Houston, Texas. 16 Sulfate, as NH4HSO4, was only 7.7 percent of IPM in Rio compared to 30 percent for Elizabeth and Camden during the winter of 1983.…”

“…9 Sulfate concentrations ranged from 1.2 to 14.2 ng/ra 3 in Rio de Janeiro during this study and the average concentration, 4.4 jug/m 3 , was about half of the average wintertime SCv levels observed in eastern U.S. cities. 10 ' 11 Although the average sulfate concentration was about 30 percent higher for the daytime than nighttime samples, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.05 level). 9 Concentrations of Cl~ ion ranged from 0.2 to 6.3 Hg/m 3 .…”