The neuroprotective effect of Ocimum sanctum Linn. ethanolic extract on human embryonic kidney-293 cells as in vitro model of neurodegenerative disease

Abstract

Aim:This study aimed to analyze the neuroprotective effect of Ocimum sanctum Linn. ethanolic extract (OSE) on human embryonic kidney-293 (HEK-293) cells as the in vitro model of neurodegenerative diseases.Materials and Methods:In this research, HEK-293 cells divided into five groups consisting of normal and healthy cells (NT), cells treated with Camptothecin 500 µM as the negative control, cells treated with trimethyltin 10 µM (TMT), cells treated with OSE 75 µg/ml, and cells pre-treated with OSE 75 µg/ml then induced by TMT 10 µM (OSE+TMT). MTT assay and phase contrast microscopy were applied to observe the cell viability quantitatively and morphological after Ocimum sanctum Linn extract treatment. Finally, the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was employed to study the expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT).Results:The MTT assay and phase contrast microscopy showed that OSE pre-treatment significantly increased the viability of TMT-induced apoptotic cells and maintained cell viability of the normal HEK-293 cells. Expression of ChAT markedly reduced on TMT treatment group, but OSE administration stabilized ChAT expression in TMT-induced HEK-293 cells.Conclusion:This present study proved that OSE administration has neuroprotective effect by increased HEK-293 cells viability and maintain ChAT expression.

Ethanolic extract Ocimum sanctum Linn. induces an apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells

“…Cell viability was determined by MTT assay as previously describe [17] in the absence or presence of 50, 70, 100 or 200 ug/ml EEOS. After 48 h treatments, culture medium was aspirated and cells were incubated with MTT (0,5 mg/ml) at 37 °C for 4 h. The viable cell number was directly proportional to the production of formazan, which was dissolved in isopropanol and determined by measuring the absorbance at 570 nm using a microplate reader (SpectraMAX 360 pc, Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA).…”

“…In Indonesia, Ocimum sanctum is very easy to find and use commonly as vegetable food. It is well-known that Ocimum sanctum acts as a chemopreventive, anti-carcinogenic, free radical scavenger and also used as a medication for neurodegenerative diseases [15, 16, 17, 18].…”

Trio-Drug Combination of Sodium Valproate, Baclofen and Thymoquinone Exhibits Synergistic Anticonvulsant Effects in Rats and Neuro-Protective Effects in HEK-293 Cells

“…In-vitro studies also revealed the ability of the said combination to increase cell viability of PTZ-treated HEK-293 cells by 267%. Various studies in the literature have refuted the relationship of cell viability with neuroprotective efficacy [ 92 , 93 , 94 ]. HEK 293 cells were initially derived in 1973 from a kidney [ 95 ].…”

“…The cells also express endogenous voltage-activated ion currents similar to neurons [ 97 ]. Therefore, HEK293 cells can be used to mimic neurodegenerative diseases [ 93 , 98 ].…”

Determination of Seasonal Variation of Volatile Organic Constituents of the Leaves of Traditional Herb Ocimum sanctum Linn

“…radioprotective [7,8] , anticarcinogenic [7] , antioxidant [7,9] , anticandidal [10] , antileishmanial, immunomodulatory [11] , immunotherapeutic [12] , antimicrobial [9,13] , antifertility [14] , anti-inflammatory [15] and neuroprotective [16] properties of this plant have also been reported. The main constituent of the essential oil of O. sanctum from different regions of the world is represented in Table 1 [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] .…”