Ethanolic extract Ocimum sanctum Linn. induces an apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells

Abstract

Ocimum sanctum (OS) is tropical herbal plant which is easy to find and widely used as a vegetable food in Indonesia. In last decade, lung adenocarcinoma was in top position as male cancer disease in Indonesia. Recently, emerging data showing the extracts of different species of Ocimum exhibiting the anti-tumor properties. Further studies on lung lewis carcinoma demonstrated pro-apoptosis effects after the treatment with Ocimum extracts. However, the effect of OS of Indonesian origin in human alveolar pulmonary adenocarcinoma A549 cells remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate effects of ethanolic extract OS (EEOS) in A549 cell culture systems. Cell adhesion and viability assays revealed that EEOS significantly decreased the attachment into extracellular matrix of A549 cells. Morphological examination AO/EB and DAPI staining indicated that EEOS induced the cells shrinkage, DNA fragmentation and condensation of A549 cells. Further, EEOS treatment induced the apoptosis rate followed by up-regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), caspase-3 expression and decreased anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. This condition also suppressed the expression of SOD2 as well as the GPx. In conclusion, our findings indicate that EEOS suppressed the viability of A549 cells, which may result from the activation of ROS promoting the apoptosis signaling via mitochondrial intrinsic pathway. Taken together, EEOS might be a good therapeutic potential to further understand its properties in the treatment of lung carcinoma.

An In Vitro Anti-Cancer Activity of Ocimum tenuiflorum Essential Oil by Inducing Apoptosis in Human Gastric Cancer Cell Line

“…Several previous studies have shown cytotoxic and anti-metastasis activity of O. tenuiflorum extracts on a variety of cancer cell lines. The ethanolic extract of O. sanctum (EEOS) demonstrated growth inhibitory activity against several cancer cell types including human non-small cell lung carcinoma (A549) [ 10 , 25 ], prostate cancer cells [ 9 ], and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) [ 26 ]. Similarly, Manaharan et al found that the purified essential oil from O. sanctum (OSEO) inhibited cell proliferation of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7); their IC 50 value of 170 µg/mL was similar to our result [ 12 ].…”

Anti- and pro-oxidant potential of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) biofortified with iodine by KIO3, 5-iodo- and 3,5-diiodosalicylic acid in human gastrointestinal cancer cell lines

“…Moreover, they found that the expression level of caspase-3 was increased in cells aer treatment with plant extracts, which may indicate that bioactive compounds of plant origin are involved in programmed cell death. 58 We hypothesize that the content of antioxidant compounds in lettuce is dependent on the form of applied iodine and that plants biofortied with iodosalicylic acids have the higher antioxidant potential. Additionally, treatment of gastrointestinal cancer cells with the extracts from iodine-enriched lettuce causes changes in level of reactive oxygen species (ROS).…”

Inorganic Element Determination of Romanian Populus nigra L. Buds Extract and In Vitro Antiproliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Evaluation on A549 Human Lung Cancer Cell Line

“…The ethanolic extract (50, 70, 100, or 200 ug/mL) significantly decreased the viability of A549 cells. Moreover, at the concentration of 100 μg/mL, it induced the most severe cytotoxicity and apoptosis rate, followed by up-regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caspase-3 expression and decreased the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 [ 72 ]. Yun Tsai et al indicated that 6-Gingerol (found in Zingiber officinale L.) at different concentrations (20–80 μM) suppressed A549 cells’ proliferation in vitro.…”