The neural basis of stereotypic impact on multiple social categorization

Hehman, Eric; Ingbretsen, Zachary A.; Freeman, Jonathan B.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.07.056

Cited by 54 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…With less complex knowledge structures of outgroup vs ingroup members (e.g., Park and Judd, 1990), people have more rigid and homogeneous conceptions of outgroup members (Linville et al , 1989). Consistent with work showing that prejudice increases the difficulty of categorizing faces countering race-based expectations (e.g., Blascovich et al , 1997; Hehman et al , 2014), prejudice positively correlated with category competition among prototypically low vs high Black faces. Although IMS marginally also predicted this difference in our second model (as might be expected, see Chen et al , 2014), this relationship only emerged when including ATB.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Cunningham et al , 2004). With more stereotypic visualizations (Dotsch et al , 2008) and less efficient categorization given countered race-based expectations (Blascovich et al , 1997; Hehman et al , 2014), prototypically decreasing Black vs White faces may be particularly expectation-inconsistent for higher prejudice perceivers, triggering enhanced response conflict via ACC activation. This ACC pattern suggests response conflict potentially activating without explicit race categorization, providing nuance to our understanding of how the brain dynamically perceives race.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given more stereotypically homogeneous expectations of outgroup vs ingroup faces (Linville et al , 1989), we expected more category competition for prototypically low vs high Black relative to White faces. Because prejudice engenders more stereotypic outgroup representations (Lepore and Brown, 1997) influencing categorization (Hehman et al , 2014), we expected prejudice to underlie competition for prototypically low vs high Black faces.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We chose an explicit prejudice measure because related work (Blascovich et al , 1997; Hehman et al , 2014) assessed prejudice effects on categorization using measures like ATB. We included IMS and EMS given their connection to controlled processing (e.g., Amodio et al , 2003).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a brain region implicated in response conflict, engages as race and emotion become less consistent with expectations (Hehman et al , 2014), suggesting its sensitivity toward faces not easily fitting a category. ACC activation reflects conflict monitoring (MacDonald et al , 2000; Botvinick et al , 2001; Pochon et al , 2008) and sensitivity to simultaneously active yet incompatible response tendencies (van Veen and Carter, 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Looking the part (to me): effects of racial prototypicality on race perception vary by prejudice

Cassidy

Sprout

Freeman

et al. 2017

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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Less racially prototypic faces elicit more category competition during race categorization. Top-down factors (e.g. stereotypes), however, affect categorizations, suggesting racial prototypicality may enhance category competition in certain perceivers. Here, we examined how prejudice affects race category competition and stabilization when perceiving faces varying in racial prototypicality. Prototypically low vs high Black relative to White faces elicited more category competition and slower response latencies during categorization (Experiment 1), suggesting a pronounced racial prototypicality effect on minority race categorization. However, prejudice predicted the extent of category competition between prototypically low vs high Black faces. Suggesting more response conflict toward less prototypic Black vs White faces, anterior cingulate cortex activity increased toward Black vs White faces as they decreased in racial prototypicality, with prejudice positively predicting this difference (Experiment 2). These findings extend the literature on racial prototypicality and categorization by showing that relative prejudice tempers the extent of category competition and response conflict engaged when initially perceiving faces.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Looking the part (to me): effects of racial prototypicality on race perception vary by prejudice

Cassidy

Sprout

Freeman

et al. 2017

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

Self Cite

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Neural activity patterns evoked by a spouse's incongruent emotional reactions when recalling marriage‐relevant experiences

Petrican

Rosenbaum

Grady

2015

Human Brain Mapping

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Resonance with the inner states of another social actor is regarded as a hallmark of emotional closeness. Nevertheless, sensitivity to potential incongruities between one's own and an intimate partner's subjective experience is reportedly also important for close relationship quality. Here, we tested whether perceivers show greater neurobehavioral responsiveness to a spouse's positive (rather than negative) context-incongruent emotions, and whether this effect is influenced by the perceiver's satisfaction with the relationship. Thus, we used fMRI to scan older long-term married female perceivers while they judged either their spouse's or a stranger's affect, based on incongruent nonverbal and verbal cues. The verbal cues were selected to evoke strongly polarized affective responses. Higher perceiver marital satisfaction predicted greater neural processing of the spouse's (rather than the strangers) nonverbal cues. Nevertheless, across all perceivers, greater neural processing of a spouse's (rather than a stranger's) nonverbal behavior was reliably observed only when the behavior was positive and the context was negative. The spouse's positive (rather than negative) nonverbal behavior evoked greater activity in putative mirror neuron areas, such as the bilateral inferior parietal lobule (IPL). This effect was related to a stronger inhibitory influence of cognitive control areas on mirror system activity in response to a spouse's negative nonverbal cues, an effect that strengthened with increasing perceiver marital satisfaction. Our valence-asymmetric findings imply that neurobehavioral responsiveness to a close other's emotions may depend, at least partly, on cognitive control resources, which are used to support the perceiver's interpersonal goals (here, goals that are relevant to relationship stability).

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The Perception of Facial Emotion in Typical and Atypical Development

Bayet

Nelson

2019

Handbook of Emotional Development

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The neural basis of stereotypic impact on multiple social categorization

Cited by 54 publications

References 39 publications

Looking the part (to me): effects of racial prototypicality on race perception vary by prejudice

Looking the part (to me): effects of racial prototypicality on race perception vary by prejudice

Neural activity patterns evoked by a spouse's incongruent emotional reactions when recalling marriage‐relevant experiences

The Perception of Facial Emotion in Typical and Atypical Development

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