The natural history of self-harm from adolescence to young adulthood: a population-based cohort study

Mapping non suicidal self-injury in adolescence: Development and confirmatory factor analysis of the Impulse, Self-harm and Suicide Ideation Questionnaire for Adolescents (ISSIQ-A)

“…Several studies have shown that 13% to 25% of adolescents and young adults surveyed in schools have some history of self-injury, and similar findings were found in a review by Muehlenkamp et al (2012). Others studies, including clinical and community-based samples, revealed that self-harm tends to have its onset in adolescence, commonly occurring during the middle to late adolescence (13-15 years old), which reinforces this developmental stage as a period of difficulties in emotional regulation and risk-taking (Moran et al, 2012). Rates of NSSI appear to be disproportionately high in adolescents and young adults (Ross and Heath, 2002;Whitlock et al, 2006): approximately 8% of children ages 12-14 (Hilt et al, 2008), 14-15% of adolescents (Ross and Heath, 2002;Laye-Gindhu and Schonert-Reichl, 2005), and 14-17% of college students (Favazza, 1989;Whitlock et al, 2006) report having self-injured.…”

Biting myself so I don’t bite the dust: prevalence and predictors of deliberate self-harm and suicide ideation in Azorean youths

“…This also emphasizes the relevance of separating risk behaviors or risk taking from NSSI and results show that more refined studies are needed in this regard. 53,61,62 Despite the possible continuity or escalation between high-risk behavior, NSSI, and suicidal ideation/behaviors, our findings emphasize that these terms refer to distinct phenomena and encompass a distinct interplay between distal and/or proximal risk factors, as well as a possible differential role in protective factors affecting the degree of suicide ideation and NSSI.…”

“…The current study showed that proximal factors such as engagement in high-risk behaviors, severe forms of self-criticism, and feelings of anger, shame, anxiety, and submissiveness explain a significant amount of variance in the alarming prevalence of NSSI behaviors in these youths, as demonstrated in previous studies. 7,14,16,17,62,64 In addition, reinforcement resulting from NSSI may act as a maintenance factor for this maladaptive behavior, rendering it more stable over time.…”

Accuracy and predictive value of incarcerated adults' accounts of their self-harm histories: findings froman Australian prospective data linkage study

“…Free-text data were coded with the use of a system adapted from a large epidemiological study of self-harm. 42 All emergency department, ambulance and prison health records for all participants were coded as either 0 (did not involve self-harm) or 1 (involved self-harm), with the latter category comprising any contact with health care services resulting from behaviours fitting into any 1 of 5 categories: 1) cutting/burning, 2) self-poisoning, 3) self-battering, 4) nonrecreational risk-taking or 5) other self-harm. Any contact with health care services before the baseline interview that was deemed to have resulted from self-harm was coded as a medically verified self-harm event.…”