The Natural History of Bacterial Biofilm Graft Infection

Efficacy of Quinupristin-Dalfopristin in Preventing Vascular Graft Infection Due to Staphylococcus epidermidis with Intermediate Resistance to Glycopeptides

“…It has been recovered from the skin, subcutaneous fat, lymph nodes, and arterial walls of more than one-third of individuals undergoing vascular reconstruction, despite the use of aseptic vascular surgical technique and prophylactic antibiotics. Most important in the pathogenesis of foreign bodyassociated infection due to this organism is the colonization of the polymer surface by formation of a biofilm (2). For this reason, prevention through effective antibiotic prophylaxis plays a pivotal role in the control of these infections and has an important impact on patient mortality and the cost-effectiveness of hospital care.…”

“…Nevertheless, errors in the sterilization procedures and the increases in the incidence and the levels of resistance of S. epidermidis can predispose individuals to prosthesis infections (2,3,10). Glycopeptides such as vancomycin are used parenterally to treat infections caused by gram-positive bacteria, especially staphylococcal infections after the emergence of methicillin-resistant staphylococci.…”

“…Immediately before implantation the grafts were soaked for 20 min in a sterile solution of the agents mentioned above. The pockets were closed with skin clips, and sterile saline solution (1 ml) containing the VISE strain at a concentration of 2 ϫ 10 7 CFU/ml was inoculated onto the graft surface by using a tuberculin syringe to create a subcutaneous fluid-filled pocket (2). The animals were returned to individual cages and thoroughly examined daily.…”

“…In contrast, for rats that received Dacron grafts soaked with 10 The increasing use of foreign material in many fields of modern surgery is associated with a definitive risk of bacterial infection. Coagulase-negative staphylococci, chiefly the skin commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis, are among the most common pathogens that cause biomaterial infections and the most frequent cause of late-appearing vascular graft infections in humans (1,2,5,6,10,16,19). Vascular prosthetic graft infection is one of the most feared complications that the vascular surgeon treats; although most cases are resolved by removal of the device and antibiotic therapy, serious complications may result, including organ failure, amputation, metastatic infection, and death.…”

Prophylactic Efficacy of Topical Temporin A and RNAIII-Inhibiting Peptide in a Subcutaneous Rat Pouch Model of Graft Infection Attributable to Staphylococci With Intermediate Resistance to Glycopeptides

“…In this study, we investigated the in vivo efficacy of temporin A and RIP in preventing S. epidermidis and S. aureus graft infection in a rat model previously described. 32 Peptides were spontaneously bound to the graft, and efficacy was compared with that of rifampin, a commonly used antibiotic in graft precoating. 7 …”