Immunosuppression Augments Growth of Graft-Adherent Staphylococcus epidermidis

Bergamini, Thomas M.; Corpus, Roberto A.; McCurry, Terry; Peyton, James C.; Brittian, Kenneth R.; Cheadle, William G.

doi:10.1001/archsurg.1995.01430120099015

Arch Surg

1995

DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.1995.01430120099015

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Immunosuppression Augments Growth of Graft-Adherent Staphylococcus epidermidis

Thomas M. Bergamini

Roberto A. Corpus²,

Terry McCurry³

et al.

Abstract: Suppression of immune function during graft implantation augmented growth of adherent bacteria. The effect of short-term perioperative immunosuppression on late-appearing S epidermidis graft infection needs further study.

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Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…time (4,23). A potential solution to these drawbacks is to use biophotonic imaging, as first described by Contag et al (8) and later by Burns et al (6) for monitoring gram-negative bacterial infections.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Monitoring of Bacterial Infection In Vivo: Development of Bioluminescent Staphylococcal Foreign-Body and Deep-Thigh-Wound Mouse Infection Models

Kuklin

Pancari

Tobery

et al. 2003

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Staphylococcal infections associated with catheter and prosthetic implants are difficult to eradicate and often lead to chronic infections. Development of novel antibacterial therapies requires simple, reliable, and relevant models for infection. Using bioluminescent Staphylococcus aureus, we have adapted the existing foreign-body and deep-wound mouse models of staphylococcal infection to allow real-time monitoring of the bacterial colonization of catheters or tissues. This approach also enables kinetic measurements of bacterial growth and clearance in each infected animal. Persistence of infection was observed throughout the course of the study until termination of the experiment at day 16 in a deep-wound model and day 21 in the foreign-body model, providing sufficient time to test the effects of antibacterial compounds. The usefulness of both animal models was assessed by using linezolid as a test compound and comparing bioluminescent measurements to bacterial counts. In the foreign-body model, a three-dose antibiotic regimen (2, 5, and 24 h after infection) resulted in a decrease in both luminescence and bacterial counts recovered from the implant compared to those of the mock-treated infected mice. In addition, linezolid treatment prevented the formation of subcutaneous abscesses, although it did not completely resolve the infection. In the thigh model, the same treatment regimen resulted in complete resolution of the luminescent signal, which correlated with clearance of the bacteria from the thighs.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Monitoring of Bacterial Infection In Vivo: Development of Bioluminescent Staphylococcal Foreign-Body and Deep-Thigh-Wound Mouse Infection Models

Kuklin

Pancari

Tobery

et al. 2003

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…1,6,7 Staphylococci on prosthetic valves and central venous catheters are most often found in biofilms, especially Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. During the first year of postvalve replacement, staphylococci in biofilms are responsible for 65% of postwound infections.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…32 Peptides were spontaneously bound to the graft, and efficacy was compared with that of rifampin, a commonly used antibiotic in graft precoating. 7 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prophylactic Efficacy of Topical Temporin A and RNAIII-Inhibiting Peptide in a Subcutaneous Rat Pouch Model of Graft Infection Attributable to Staphylococci With Intermediate Resistance to Glycopeptides

et al. 2003

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Background-Bacteria that adhere to implanted medical devices play an important role in industry and in modern medicine. Staphylococci are among the most common pathogens that cause biomaterial infections. Vascular prosthetic graft infection is one of the most feared complications that the vascular surgeon treats, frequently resulting in prolonged hospitalization, organ failure, amputation, and death. A rat model was used to investigate the topical efficacies of temporin A and the quorum-sensing inhibitor RNAIII-inhibiting protein (RIP) as prophylactic agents of vascular prosthetic graft infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis with intermediate resistance to glycopeptides. Methods and Results-Graft infections were established in the back subcutaneous tissue of adult male Wistar rats by implantation of Dacron prostheses 1 cm 2 followed by topical inoculation with 2ϫ10 7 colony-forming units of bacterial strains. The study included, for each staphylococcal strain, a control group (no graft contamination), a contaminated group that did not receive antibiotic prophylaxis, and 6 contaminated groups that received grafts soaked with temporin A, RIP, rifampin, temporin A plus RIP, RIP plus rifampin, or temporin A plus RIP. The infection was evaluated by quantitative agar culture. When tested alone, temporin A and RIP showed comparable efficacies, and their efficacies were significantly higher than that of rifampin against both strains. All combinations showed efficacies significantly higher than that of each single compound. The combinations of temporin A and RIP exerted the strongest antistaphylococcal efficacies, eliminating infection by 100%. Conclusions-The

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“…Coagulase-negative staphylococci are among the most common pathogens that cause biomaterial infections. In particular, Staphylococcus epidermidis, a commensal organism of the skin, is the most frequent cause of late-appearing vascular graft infection in humans (1)(2)(3)21). Effective strategies for the prevention of prosthetic infection vary from device to device.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycationic Peptides as Prophylactic Agents against Methicillin-Susceptible or Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis Vascular Graft Infection

Giacometti

Cirioni

Ghiselli

et al. 2000

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Several polycationic peptides isolated from animals, plants, and bacterial species possess a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. A rat model was used to investigate the efficacies of two peptides, ranalexin and buforin II, in the prevention of vascular prosthetic graft infections. The effect of peptide-soaked collagen-sealed Dacron was compared to that of rifampin-soaked collagen-sealed Dacron in the rat model of graft infection caused by methicillin-susceptible rifampin-susceptible Staphylococcus epidermidis and methicillin-resistant rifampin-susceptible S. epidermidis. Graft infections were established in the back subcutaneous tissue of 240 adult male Wistar rats by implantation of 1-cm 2 Dacron prostheses, followed by topical inoculation with 2 ؋ 10 7 CFU of S. epidermidis. The study included a control group (no graft contamination), two contaminated groups that did not receive any antibiotic prophylaxis, two contaminated groups to which perioperative intraperitoneal cefazolin prophylaxis (30 mg/kg of body weight) was administered, six contaminated groups that received a peptide-or rifampin-soaked graft, and six contaminated groups that received a peptide-or rifampin-soaked graft and perioperative intraperitoneal cefazolin prophylaxis (30 mg/kg). The grafts were sterilely removed 7 days after implantation, and the infection was evaluated by using sonication and quantitative agar culture. Overall, the efficacies of the polycationic peptides against the methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant strains were not significantly different from that of rifampin. Nevertheless, the combinations of ranalexin-and buforin II-coated grafts with cefazolin treatment demonstrated efficacies significantly higher than that of the combination of rifampin-coated grafts and cefazolin treatment against the methicillin-resistant strain.

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Immunosuppression Augments Growth of Graft-Adherent Staphylococcus epidermidis

Abstract: Suppression of immune function during graft implantation augmented growth of adherent bacteria. The effect of short-term perioperative immunosuppression on late-appearing S epidermidis graft infection needs further study.

Cited by 22 publications

References 33 publications

Real-Time Monitoring of Bacterial Infection In Vivo: Development of Bioluminescent Staphylococcal Foreign-Body and Deep-Thigh-Wound Mouse Infection Models

Real-Time Monitoring of Bacterial Infection In Vivo: Development of Bioluminescent Staphylococcal Foreign-Body and Deep-Thigh-Wound Mouse Infection Models

Prophylactic Efficacy of Topical Temporin A and RNAIII-Inhibiting Peptide in a Subcutaneous Rat Pouch Model of Graft Infection Attributable to Staphylococci With Intermediate Resistance to Glycopeptides

Polycationic Peptides as Prophylactic Agents against Methicillin-Susceptible or Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis Vascular Graft Infection

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