The natural history of Anaplasma marginale

Kocan, Katherine M.; Fuente, José de la; Blouin, Edmour F.; Coetzee, Johann F.; Ewing, S. A.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.09.012

Cited by 456 publications

(457 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Anaplasmosis is considered one of the most prevalent tick-borne diseases that continue to constrain cattle productivity worldwide (Kocan et al 2010). It is caused by a rickettsial haemoparasite, Anaplasma (A.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The recovery from acute A. marginale infections in cattle results in a chronic carrier state characterised by long-term persistent infections that are microscopically undetectable (Eriks et al 1993). It is well known that the A. marginale parasite begins its course by invading and multiplying within red blood cells of the host, which results in anaemia; however, the exact mechanism remains to be clarified (Kocan et al 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Significance of clinical variables and selected biochemical markers in predicting the outcome of bovine anaplasmosis

El-Ashker¹,

Salama²,

El-Sebaei³

et al. 2015

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:The present study was aimed at evaluating the usefulness of selected inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in predicting the clinical outcome of cattle infected with Anaplasma (A). marginale. The study population consisted of 39 cattle naturally infected with A. marginale. The presumptive diagnosis of this infection was initially achieved on the basis of case history, microscopy and clinical examination findings, and confirmed using A. marginale-specific PCR assays. The diseased cattle were categorised according to the clinical outcome into survivors (n = 26) and non-survivors (n = 13). For comparison, ten clinically healthy cattle were randomly selected and served as controls. Blood was drawn from all examined animals to measure the respective levels of selected cytokines, acute phase proteins, oxidative stress markers, and antioxidant enzyme levels. We found that the clinical examination alone was not conclusive and should be used in conjunction with other diagnostic methods. Nonetheless, the non-surviving animals showed anorexia, frequent coughing, dyspnoea, bloody faeces, recumbency, pale or icteric mucous membranes, and haemoglobinuria. Biochemically, tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, serum amyloid A, fibrinogen, malondialdehye, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels were significantly higher in diseased cattle compared with controls, and were higher in non-survivors than survivors (P < 0.05). In contrast, reduced glutathione (G-SH) was significantly lower in non-surviving cattle than survivors and controls. Interestingly, a significant correlation was found between parasitaemia of the diseased cattle and most of the measured biochemical variables, with IL-1β and G-SH showing the highest correlation. Our findings clearly demonstrate that A. marginale infection is associated with marked inflammatory and oxidative stress responses, which are higher in non-surviving cattle compared with survivors. The overall degree of cytokine and anti-oxidative disruption may have an important prognostic value for the disease outcome.

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confidence: 99%

Significance of clinical variables and selected biochemical markers in predicting the outcome of bovine anaplasmosis

El-Ashker¹,

Salama²,

El-Sebaei³

et al. 2015

Vet. Med. - Czech

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“…5 Species of Ehrlichia and Anaplasma are structurally, genetically, and immunologically similar. 1,5,15 Most Anaplasma spp. infect erythrocytes of domestic and wild ruminants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 Several serological tests have been developed to detect infections of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia, including the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA), indirect ELISA, card agglutination test, and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). 1,31 These tests may be hindered by lack of specificity within or between the several species of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia, which bear homologous families of immunodominant outer membrane proteins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological cross-reactivity between Anaplasma marginale and an Ehrlichia species in naturally and experimentally infected cattle

et al. 2011

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Seroconversion and cross-reactivity in cattle infected with Anaplasma marginale or a recently described Ehrlichia species (BOV2010 from British Columbia, Canada) were investigated. The study used 76 samples from 20 animals, a commercially available competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for bovine anaplasmosis, and an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Blood smear examination and/or polymerase chain reaction assay were performed to confirm or rule out the presence of Anaplasma or Ehrlichia. Samples comprised 3 groups. Group 1 consisted of 24 samples from 9 cattle naturally infected with Ehrlichia sp. BOV2010. Group 2 had 13 samples from 3 A. marginale–infected cattle from Manitoba, Canada. Group 3 had 39 samples, consisting of 26 from 5 calves experimentally infected with Ehrlichia sp. BOV2010, 10 from 2 calves experimentally infected with A. marginale from cattle (Manitoba) or bison (Saskatchewan), and 3 from an uninfected calf. All samples from cattle naturally or experimentally infected with Ehrlichia sp. BOV2010 or A. marginale were seropositive for A. marginale by both cELISA and IFAT, except 3 calves euthanized at 28 and 33 days post-inoculation (DPI) that did not seroconvert. Antibodies were detected in 2 experimental animals inoculated with Ehrlichia sp. BOV2010, as early as 28 and 33 DPI by the cELISA and IFAT, respectively, and by 42 DPI for both tests. The current study demonstrates that the specificity of the recombinant major surface protein 5 (MSP5) antigen is not restricted to Anaplasma spp., which reduces the utility of the test for serological diagnosis of bovine anaplasmosis in regions where Ehrlichia sp. BOV2010–infected cattle might exist.

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“…Anaplasma marginale é o mais prevalente patógeno transmitido por carrapatos no mundo, estando distribuído nos seis continentes e sendo responsável por alta morbidade e mortalidade em bovinos nas regiões temperadas, subtropicais e tropicais, incluindo o Brasil e outras regiões da América Latina (Kocan et al 2010). Bactérias do gênero Anaplasma são patógenos intracelulares obrigatórios que podem invadir e replicar em dois ambientes distintos: célu-las hematopoiéticas de hospedeiros mamíferos e células do intestino médio e da glândula salivar de artrópodes vetores (Ramabu et al 2011).…”

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Detecção sorológica e molecular de Anaplasma marginale em búfalos na Ilha de Marajó, Pará

et al. 2014

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Pesq. Vet. Bras. 34(1):11-14, janeiro 2014 11 RESUMO.-O objetivo do estudo foi testar a prevalência sorológica e molecular de Anaplasma marginale em búfalos do municipio de Soure, Ilha de Marajó, estado do Pará, Brasil. Para a pesquisa sorologica foram selecionados randomicamente 800 animais e para a pesquisa molecular 50 destes animais foram aleatoriamente escolhidos. Para quantificar a prevalência sorológica utilizou-se o ensaio de imunoadsorção enzimático indireto (iELISA) com antígeno total contendo proteínas de superfície externa e para quantificar a prevalência molecular utilizou-se a reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), envolvendo a amplificação de fragmento gênico da proteína de superfície maior 5 (MSP5). A prevalência de animais positivos no ELISA para A. marginale foi de 25% (200/800). Na PCR foi detectada a presença de A. marginale em 2% (1/50) dos animais. Embora apenas um animal tenha sido positivo na PCR, observou-se que o mesmo foi negativo no ELISA. A presença do agente, mesmo em baixa prevalência, mostra que os bubalinos podem funcionar como um importante reservatório desse patógeno para os rebanhos bovinos da região norte do Brasil.

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The natural history of Anaplasma marginale

Cited by 456 publications

References 89 publications

Significance of clinical variables and selected biochemical markers in predicting the outcome of bovine anaplasmosis

Significance of clinical variables and selected biochemical markers in predicting the outcome of bovine anaplasmosis

Serological cross-reactivity between Anaplasma marginale and an Ehrlichia species in naturally and experimentally infected cattle

Detecção sorológica e molecular de Anaplasma marginale em búfalos na Ilha de Marajó, Pará

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