Significance of clinical variables and selected biochemical markers in predicting the outcome of bovine anaplasmosis

Abstract

ABSTRACT:The present study was aimed at evaluating the usefulness of selected inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in predicting the clinical outcome of cattle infected with Anaplasma (A). marginale. The study population consisted of 39 cattle naturally infected with A. marginale. The presumptive diagnosis of this infection was initially achieved on the basis of case history, microscopy and clinical examination findings, and confirmed using A. marginale-specific PCR assays. The diseased cattle were categorised according to the clinical outcome into survivors (n = 26) and non-survivors (n = 13). For comparison, ten clinically healthy cattle were randomly selected and served as controls. Blood was drawn from all examined animals to measure the respective levels of selected cytokines, acute phase proteins, oxidative stress markers, and antioxidant enzyme levels. We found that the clinical examination alone was not conclusive and should be used in conjunction with other diagnostic methods. Nonetheless, the non-surviving animals showed anorexia, frequent coughing, dyspnoea, bloody faeces, recumbency, pale or icteric mucous membranes, and haemoglobinuria. Biochemically, tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, serum amyloid A, fibrinogen, malondialdehye, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels were significantly higher in diseased cattle compared with controls, and were higher in non-survivors than survivors (P < 0.05). In contrast, reduced glutathione (G-SH) was significantly lower in non-surviving cattle than survivors and controls. Interestingly, a significant correlation was found between parasitaemia of the diseased cattle and most of the measured biochemical variables, with IL-1β and G-SH showing the highest correlation. Our findings clearly demonstrate that A. marginale infection is associated with marked inflammatory and oxidative stress responses, which are higher in non-surviving cattle compared with survivors. The overall degree of cytokine and anti-oxidative disruption may have an important prognostic value for the disease outcome.

Molecular diagnosis and biochemical studies of tick-borne diseases (anaplasmosis and babesiosis) in Aberdeen Angus Cattle in New Valley, Egypt

“…Our results revealed significantly reduced GSH and TAC in the infected cattle, which is consistent with the suggestion that [ 5 ] the decrease in GSH in cattle with A. marginale infection might be due to either elevated activity of glutathione peroxidase that utilizes GSH to reduce peroxides or to its capacity to directly detoxify ROS. In this study, reduced serum TAC in the infected cattle may result from the exhaustion of antioxidant enzymes that act as scavengers for the free-radical throughout the oxidative process that occurs during A. marginale infection of cattle [ 11 , 38 , 39 ].…”

“…This incidence is higher than the incidence reported previously (28%) [ 18 ] using a cELISA. A. marginale incidence was determined with DNA in sera using molecular techniques in 20.12% of animals [ 5 ].…”

“…Bovine anaplasmosis in Egypt is a significant constraint to livestock improvement programs. The disease causes serious health problems leading to substantial economic losses and reductions in animal productivity [ 5 ]. A. marginale is transmitted biologically by ticks or mechanically through blood-contaminated fomites, mouthparts of biting flies, horseflies, bloodsucking flies, and mosquitoes [ 4 , 6 ].…”

Seroprevalence and Molecular Detection of Bovine Anaplasmosis in Egypt

“…Since then, the disease was detected in many governorates. In Egypt, several studies reported anaplasmosis caused by A. marginale in cattle, water buffaloes and camel [27][28][29][30][31][32]. Frequently used techniques in these reports were microscopy [30], competitive ELISA (cELISA) [33,34], immunofluorescent assay (IFA) [35,36], or molecular assays i.e., conventional PCR [27] or real-time PCR [37].…”

Overview on Tick Borne Diseases and Paralysis With Reference to Egypt

“…Review and Discussion In Egypt, the documented ticks transmitted diseases were 1-Anaplasmosis bovine (El-Ashker et al, 2016). 2-Babesiosis in rodents, man, dog, and equines (El Bahrawy et al, 1993;El-Bahnasawy and Morsy, 2008;Mahmoud et al, 2016), 3-Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus imported (El-Bahnasawy et al, 2012a), 4-Lyme disease tick and man (Adham et al, 2010;Elhelw et al, 2014;Saleh et al, 2016), 5-Tickborne relapsing fever (El-Bahnasawy et al, 2012b), 6-Theileriosis in ruminants, cattle, sheep and equines (Mazyad and Khalaf, 2002;Els-ify et al, 2015;Mahmoud et al, 2016), and 7- Ghoneim et al (2017) in Egypt studied role of camels and attached ticks in Francisella species epidemiology.…”