The natural history and laboratory diagnosis of human herpesviruses-6 and -7 infections in the immunocompetent

Journal of Oral Microbiology

et al. 2018

Background: Xerostomia is a very relevant and frequent complication of radiotherapy, causing the irradiated oral mucosa to be affected by bacterial, fungal and viral infections. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate a possible relationship between oral shedding of human herpesviruses and xerostomia in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck submitted to radio/chemotherapy. Methods: In this study, oral rinse samples were collected weekly from 20 patients during radiotherapy. The samples were submitted to PCR and enzymatic digestion for detection of human herpesviruses. Xerostomia was evaluated according to the Seminars in Radiation Oncology criteria. Results: There was a higher frequency of grade 1 xerostomia (51.4%), observed first in the 1st week of radiotherapy. In the 4th week of radiotherapy, all patients presented some degree of xerostomia. Analysis of herpesviruses showed oral shedding of EBV, HHV-6 and HHV-7 in all weeks. Considering all the periods, the highest frequency was in patients with EBV excretion (55.0%), which was significantly higher than that of other viruses. Conclusion: We observed that oral shedding of herpesviruses was not affected by xerostomia as there was a progression in their excretion, even with the evolution of xerostomia. This suggested that there is a local replication in the oral cavity that is not completely dependent of salivary excretion.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral shedding of human herpesviruses in patients undergoing radiotherapy/chemotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is not affected by xerostomia

Palmieri

Ornaghi

Journal of Oral Microbiology

et al. 2018

“…Kozireva et al 10 reported hhV-7 DNA detected by PCR in 43.3% of blood donors and Chapenko et al 3 described 63.2% of positive PCR in PBL of patients before renal transplantation. however, hhV-7 latent infection is characterized by a low copy number in peripheral blood leukocytes 17 , which could be lower than sensitivity of the PCR technique use here, since it detects viral loads of 10-100 copies 5 . The frequency of hhV-7 in the cohort included in this study was not evaluated by other methods, but it might be lower than in populations analyzed in other studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Detection of human herpesvirus-7 by qualitative nested-PCR: comparison between healthy individuals and liver transplant recipients

Thomasini

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

Parola

et al. 2008

Diagnosis of human herpesvirus-7 active infection in transplant patients has proved difficult, because this virus is ubiquitous and can cause persistent infections in the host. The significance of viral DNA detected in leukocytes by PCR is unclear and cross-reaction in serological tests may occur. This study aimed to evaluate nested-PCR to detect human herpesvirus-7 active infection in liver transplant recipients compared to healthy individuals. human herpesvirus-7 nested-PCR was performed on leukocytes and sera of 53 healthy volunteers and sera of 29 liver transplant recipients. In healthy volunteers, human herpesvirus-7 was detected in 28.3% of leukocytes and 0% of serum. human herpesvirus-7 was detected in sera of 48.2% of the liver transplant recipients. Nested-PCR on DNA extracted from leukocytes detected latent infection and the study suggests that nested-PCR performed on serum could be useful to detect human herpesvirus-7 active infection in liver transplant recipients.Key-words: human herpesvirus-7. healthy individuals. Nested-polymerase chain reaction. Liver transplantation. RESUMODiagnóstico da infecção ativa pelo herpesvirus humano-7 é difícil devido ao fato deste vírus ser ubíquo e poder causar infecção persistente no hospedeiro. O significado da detecção do DNA viral por reação em cadeia da polimerase não é claro e, reações cruzadas podem ocorrer em testes sorológicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a nested-PCR para detectar infecção ativa pelo herpesvirus-7 em receptores hepáticos comparando com indivíduos sadios. Nested-PCR para herpesvirus-7 foi realizado em leucócitos e soro de 53 voluntários sadios e em soro de 29 receptores hepáticos. Nos voluntários sadios, herpesvirus-7 foi detectado em 28,3% de leucócitos e 0% de soro. herpesvirus-7 foi detectado em soro de 48,2% de receptores hepáticos. Nested-PCR em DNA extraído de leucócitos detectou infecção latente e o estudo sugere que nested-PCR realizada em soro poderia ser útil para detectar infecção ativa por herpesvirus-7 em receptores de fígado.Palavras-chaves: herpesvirus humano-7. Indivíduos sadios. Nested-reação em cadeia da polimerase. Transplante hepático. human herpesvirus-7 (hhV-7) was first isolated by Frenkel et al 5 from activated CD4 + peripheral blood T cells of a healthy individual. It is a member of the betaherpesvirinae subfamily of the Betaherpesviridae (DNA virus). Both, hhV-7 and hhV-6 (human herpesvirus 6) primary infections cause common febrile infectious syndromes of early childhood, known as exanthem subitum and roseola 16 . Investigations conducted in the United States 8 and Mexico 11 presented hhV-7 seroprevalence rates of 65% and 98%, respectively. In Brazil, Freitas et al 4 found a hhV-7 seroprevalence rate of 93.3% in individuals > 10 years of age.Similar to other betaherpesviruses, hhV-7 frequently remains latent in the host and can reactivate during immunosuppression following organ transplantation 9 . The most well-known member of the betaherpesviruses is human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) and it is consider...

“…This test differentiates primary from long-standing infection. Nevertheless, some reports show cross-reactivity between HHV-6 and HHV-7; moreover, this technique does not differentiate between HHV-6 variants 4 .…”

Section: Palavras-chavesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…HHV-6A has not yet been firmly associated with any disease. Primary infection with HHV-6B, although usually asymptomatic, has been conclusively related to exanthem subitum 4 . However, despite a well defined syndrome, many years ago, it was observed that the rash is frequently misdiagnosed as that of either measles or rubella 5 .…”

Section: Palavras-chavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The frequency of HHV-6A and HHV-6B was much lower than other studies 6,12 , which did not separately report the prevalence of both variants (A and B). This observation led us to argue whether the detection of HHV-6 was partially related to variant A, which can be occasionally detected in human body fluids, despite not being correlated with any disease 4 . Moreover, recent studies have shown that high levels of viral DNA in blood and sera could be related to HHV-6 chromosomal integration 13 .…”

Section: Magalhães Im Et Al -Human Herpesvirus 6 Infection In Exanthementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Diagnosis of human herpesvirus 6B primary infection by polymerase chain reaction in young children with exanthematic disease

Magalhães

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

Vianna

et al. 2011

INTRODUCTION: Exanthem subitum is a classical rash disease of early childhood caused by human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B). However, the rash is frequently misdiagnosed as that of either measles or rubella. METHODS: In this study, a nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to diagnose HHV-6B primary infection, differentiate it from infections caused by HHV-6A and compare it to antibody avidity tests. The samples were separated into case group and control group according to the results of the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) technique. RESULTS: From the saliva samples analyzed, HHV-6A DNA was detected in 3.2% of the case group and in 2.6% of the control group. Regarding HHV-6B, PCR detected viral DNA in 4.8% of the case group and in 1.3% of the control group. Among the serum samples studied, a frequency of 1.7% was determined for HHV-6A in the case group and 1.2% in the control group. PCR did not detect HHV-6B DNA in serum samples. The sensitivity and specificity of the PCR technique ranged from 0% to 4.8% and 97.5% to 100%, respectively, compared to IFA. CONCLUSIONS: The PCR technique was not suitable for diagnosing primary infection by HHV-6B in children with exanthematic disease and should not substitute the IFA.