The Nanosystems Involved in Treating Lung Cancer

Abstract

Even though there are various types of cancer, this pathology as a whole is considered the principal cause of death worldwide. Lung cancer is known as a heterogeneous condition, and it is apparent that genome modification presents a significant role in the occurrence of this disorder. There are conventional procedures that can be utilized against diverse cancer types, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, but they are hampered by the numerous side effects. Owing to the many adverse events observed in these therapies, it is imperative to continuously develop new and improved strategies for managing individuals with cancer. Nanomedicine plays an important role in establishing new methods for detecting chromosomal rearrangements and mutations for targeted chemotherapeutics or the local delivery of drugs via different types of nano-particle carriers to the lungs or other organs or areas of interest. Because of the complex signaling pathways involved in developing different types of cancer, the need to discover new methods for prevention and detection is crucial in producing gene delivery materials that exhibit the desired roles. Scientists have confirmed that nanotechnology-based procedures are more effective than conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy, with minor side effects. Several nanoparticles, nanomaterials, and nanosystems have been studied, including liposomes, dendrimers, polymers, micelles, inorganic nanoparticles, such as gold nanoparticles or carbon nanotubes, and even siRNA delivery systems. The cytotoxicity of such nanosystems is a debatable concern, and nanotechnology-based delivery systems must be improved to increase the bioavailability, biocompatibility, and safety profiles, since these nanosystems boast a remarkable potential in many biomedical applications, including anti-tumor activity or gene therapy. In this review, the nanosystems involved in treating lung cancer and its associated challenges are discussed.

Taxus wallichiana var. chinensis (Pilg.) Florin Aqueous Extract Suppresses the Proliferation and Metastasis in Lung Carcinoma via JAK/STAT3 Signaling Pathway

“…Interestingly, nano delivery of bioactive compounds makes contribution to enhancing bioavailability and biodistribution through the improvement of uptake, stability, and solubility (Zare et al, 2021). The technology has been utilized in a variety of chemicals including paclitaxel (Crintea et al, 2021), which may provide a basis for the clinical application of AETW. There is no significance between the two groups.…”

Application of Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Lung Cancer With Emphasis on Receptors

“…Antibodies, fragments, aptamers (APTs), or small molecules are frequently used as ligands. Numerous previous studies (Landesman-Milo et al, 2015;Hussain, 2016;Mangal et al, 2017;Yu et al, 2017;Crintea et al, 2021) have described the…”

“…Antibodies, fragments, aptamers (APTs), or small molecules are frequently used as ligands. Numerous previous studies ( Landesman-Milo et al, 2015 ; Hussain, 2016 ; Mangal et al, 2017 ; Yu et al, 2017 ; Crintea et al, 2021 ) have described the characteristics and applications of current NPs and ligands for lung cancer treatment. Thus, this review mainly focused on several nanocarriers with active targeting functions for lung cancer treatment in detail from the receptors’ perspective.…”

Engineering Macrophages via Nanotechnology and Genetic Manipulation for Cancer Therapy

“…The application of nanotechnology in cancer therapy holds great promise ( 21 , 22 ). Nanoparticles (NPs) are synthetic structures with a nanoscale dimension and can be generally divided into two categories: organic NPs (i.e., liposomes, polymer micelles) and inorganic NPs (i.e., gold, silver, iron oxide) ( 23 ). NPs have been used to deliver a variety of anticancer agents, such as traditional chemotherapeutic drugs ( 23 ), targeted drugs ( 24 ), and genetic materials [i.e., messenger RNA ( 25 ), small interfering RNA ( 26 ), and the CRISPR/Cas9 genetic editing system ( 27 )].…”

“…Nanoparticles (NPs) are synthetic structures with a nanoscale dimension and can be generally divided into two categories: organic NPs (i.e., liposomes, polymer micelles) and inorganic NPs (i.e., gold, silver, iron oxide) ( 23 ). NPs have been used to deliver a variety of anticancer agents, such as traditional chemotherapeutic drugs ( 23 ), targeted drugs ( 24 ), and genetic materials [i.e., messenger RNA ( 25 ), small interfering RNA ( 26 ), and the CRISPR/Cas9 genetic editing system ( 27 )]. Due to their distinctive physicochemical properties, NPs can enhance the delivery of anticancer agents to tumors by both passive and active mechanisms ( 21 , 28 ).…”