The musculature of the head of the corydalus larva (neuroptera, sialidae)

Kramer, Sol

doi:10.1002/jmor.1050960102

Cited by 6 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The head is more or less distinctly flattened in larvae of Megaloptera and Raphidioptera (e.g. Kramer, 1955; Aspöck & Aspöck, 1971), and this is also the case in larvae of many groups of Coleoptera (e.g. Beutel, 1993; Beutel & Molenda, 1997).…”

Section: Phylogenetically Relevant Charactersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Musculature ( : 11–13): M. 11, M. craniomandibularis internus (Kramer, 1955: mdf), large muscle, composed of two larger and two smaller bundles; O, larger bundles dorsolaterally and laterally on the temporal region, smaller bundles laterally and dorsolaterally on the neck region. M. 12, M. craniomandibularis externus (Kramer, 1955: mde); O, two large bundles originate ventrally and ventrolaterally on the head capsule, two slender bundles dorsally and ventrally on the posterior margin of the neck region, laterad of the posterior bundles of M. 11; I, abductor tendon. Mm.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Musculature ( ): M. 28, M. submentopraementalis (Kramer, 1955: rst), a pair of slender muscles; O, mesally on the posterior mentum; I, medially on the hind margin of the prementum. M. 29, M. tentoriopraementalis inferior; O, with a thin tendon on the posterior tentorial arm, together with the presumptive M. tentoriohypopharyngalis (see below); I, laterally on the hind margin of the prementum, with a very thin tendon.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…M. 48, M. tentoriobuccalis anterior, very strongly developed, compact muscle; O, tentorial bridge; I, ventral side of posterior prepharyngeal tube. M. 49, M. tentoriobuccalis lateralis (Kramer, 1955: dphd 3 ), composed of two subcomponents. M. 49a, a short and compact muscle; O, base of dorsal tentorial arm; I, ventrolaterally on anterior pharynx.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The larval head of Nevrorthidae and the phylogeny of Neuroptera (Insecta)

Beutel

Friedrich

Aspöck

2010

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

222

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External and internal head structures of larvae of Nevrorthidae were described in detail. The results were compared to conditions found in other representatives of Neuroptera and the other two neuropterid orders. The cladistic analysis supported the monophyly of Neuroptera, Neuroptera exclusive of Nevrorthidae, Hemerobiiformia, and Myrmeleontiformia. Neuroptera exclusive of Nevrorthidae are supported by the formation of an undivided postmentum and the presence of cryptonephric Malpighian tubules. The highly specialized articulation of the neck (Rollengelenk) and the absence of a salivary duct are autapomorphies of Nevrorthidae. Ithonidae and Polystoechotidae form a clade and are the sister group of the remaining Hemerobiiformia, which are characterized by the complete lack of a gula and a terminal filament of the antenna. Within this lineage, a clade comprising Mantispidae, Dilaridae, Berothidae, and Rhachiberothidae is well supported. Larvae of Myrmeleontiformia are characterized by a complex transformation of head structures, with a hypostomal bridge, a small triangular gula, largely reduced maxillary grooves, and anteriorly shifted posterior tentorial grooves. The slender finger-like mid-dorsal apodeme is another autapomorphy of the group. Psychopsidae are placed as the sister group of the remaining Myrmeleontiformia, which are characterized by a conspicuous, protruding ocular region (often less distinct or even absent in Nemopteridae). Ascalaphidae are the sister group of Myrmeleontidae. Larvae of both families share the fusion of the tibia and tarsus in the hind leg. The larval characters analysed were not sufficient for full resolution of the myrmeleontiform and hemerobiiform lineages. The position of several families such as Osmylidae, Sisyridae, and Coniopterygidae remains uncertain. The results are in agreement with an aquatic ancestor of Neuroptera and secondarily acquired terrestrial habits within the lineage (Neuroptera exclusive of Nevrorthidae), and another invasion of the aquatic environment by Sisyridae.

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Section: Phylogenetically Relevant Charactersmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The larval head of Nevrorthidae and the phylogeny of Neuroptera (Insecta)

Beutel

Friedrich

Aspöck

2010

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

222

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“…The inner lobe of the maxilla, located mesally of the palpus, was regarded to represent the lacinia (Krafka, ; Das, ; Badcock, ), the galea (Crampton, ; Nielsen, ; Winkler, ; Fotius‐Jaboulet, ;) or a fused product of both structures (Betten, ). The cylindrical shape of the lobe and its association with sensory sensilla in Rhyacophila and other trichopterans are usually attributes of the galea in more generalized endopterygote insects (e.g., Kramer, ; Badcock, ; Beutel and Friedrich, ). The lack of any muscles usually in association with this appendage in generalized insects impedes the designation of its components in Trichoptera.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The larval head anatomy of Rhyacophila (Rhyacophilidae) with discussion on mouthpart homology and the groundplan of Trichoptera

Friedrich

Schulz

Kubiak

et al. 2015

Journal of Morphology

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The external and internal features of the larval head of Rhyacophila fasciata (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) were described in detail. Anatomical examinations were carried out using a multimethod approach including histology, scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser-scanning microscopy, microcomputed tomography, and computer-based three-dimensional reconstructions. Additionally, the information on the larval head of Limnephilus flavicornis (Limnephilidae) and Hydropsyche angustipennis (Hydropsychidae) available in the literature were reinvestigated. These anatomical data were used to address major questions of homology and terminology, that is, the ventral closure of the head capsule, the sclerites, and appendages of labium and maxilla and their muscles. These topics were discussed by summarizing the main hypotheses present in the literature and a critical inclusion of new findings. Consequently, the inner lobe of the maxilla very likely represents the galea. The distal maxillary sclerite (palpifer) is an anatomical composite formation at least including dististipes and lacinia. Based on these homology hypotheses several potential groundplan features of the larval head of Trichoptera were reconstructed. The head of Rhyacophila shows several presumably plesiomorphic features as for instance the prognath orientation of the mouthparts, the well-developed hypocranial bridge, the triangular submentum and eyes composed of seven stemmata. Derived features of Rhyacophila are the reduced antennae, the anterior directing of three stemmata and the shift of the tentorio-stipital muscle to the mentum.

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Die Haut

Horstmann

1957

Handbuch Der Mikroskopischen Anatomie Des Menschen

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The musculature of the head of the corydalus larva (neuroptera, sialidae)

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

The larval head of Nevrorthidae and the phylogeny of Neuroptera (Insecta)

The larval head of Nevrorthidae and the phylogeny of Neuroptera (Insecta)

The larval head anatomy of Rhyacophila (Rhyacophilidae) with discussion on mouthpart homology and the groundplan of Trichoptera

Die Haut

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