Die Haut

Horstmann, Ernst

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-25619-0_1

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 729 publications

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“…Although the microcirculation of the skin has been studied by light microscopy of sectioned or injected preparations and by vital dissecting microscopy (Horstmann, 1957;Odland, 1961;Saunders, 1961;Spalteholz, 1927;Winkelmann et al, 19611, and the vasculature of the human finger skin and of the nail bed has also been studied by previous workers (Fleischhauer and Horstmann, 1955;Flint, 1955;Popoff, 1934;Samman, 19721, these methods have been unable to provide a threedimensional picture of the architecture of the fine vasculature of the skin.…”

Section: Blood Vessels In the Hand Skin Of Manmentioning

confidence: 97%

Scanning electron microscopy of the capillary loops in the dermal papillae of the hand in primates, including man

Ikeda

Umeda

Tsuda

et al. 1991

J. Elec. Microsc. Tech.

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The microvasculature of the skin of the hand in primates, including man, was examined by means of scanning electron microscopy of corrosion casts. In this study, the microvascular patterns and structures in different areas of the hand, and the changes in vascular patterns that occur with age, have been described. The typical structure of the capillary loops in the hand can be observed in the ball of the finger of the young adult monkey. The capillary loops were formed out of not just one capillary vessel, but two or three vessels. Each capillary vessel arose and divided into several branches at the papillae, and these became descending limbs. After the loop passed a hairpin turn, the descending limbs were 1.5 times larger than the ascending limbs in the intrapapillary portion, and they became extrapapillary venules. The descending limbs connected with the postcapillary venules in the postpapillary portion and with the horizontal network. The postcapillary venules fused with each other to form the primary and secondary venous arcades. The secondary venous arcades anastomosed with each other and flowed into the subpapillary venules, which run along the dermal furrow in the fingerprint. Changes in vascular patterns with age could be observed. In the infant fingerprint, the vascular systems had not yet differentiated, especially the venous system in the dermis. In the old adult finger, the capillary loops presented complicated features deviating due to aging.

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Section: Blood Vessels In the Hand Skin Of Manmentioning

confidence: 97%

Scanning electron microscopy of the capillary loops in the dermal papillae of the hand in primates, including man

Ikeda

Umeda

Tsuda

et al. 1991

J. Elec. Microsc. Tech.

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“…Skin and its appendages evidence regional morphologic specialization as well as interspecies variability-concepts exhaustively reviewed by Horstmann (1957). The innervation of skin is also regionally specialized and differs from species to species (Retzius, 1892;Botezat, 1912;Munger, 1971;Halata, 1975).…”

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confidence: 99%

The sensory innervation of primate eyelid

Halata

Munger

1980

Anat. Rec.

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The skin of primate eyelid contains three distinctive sensory nerve terminals. Small down hairs have a collar of lanceolate terminals that are formed by ramifications of the six to eight myelinated afferent fibers. Extensions of Schwann-cell cytoplasm form masses of cytoplasmic lamellae associated with these terminals. Every large hair or eyelash contains a large pilo-Ruffini as well as sparse lanceolate terminals. The eyelash Ruffini corpuscle resembles those of monkey facial guard hairs, sinus hairs, and joint capsules of the cat and pigeon. Sparse lanceolate terminals present between the Ruffini corpuscle and eyelash external root sheath resemble those of vellus hairs. On rare occasion Merkel cells are present in the hair follicle external root sheath above the sebaceous gland. Merkel touch spots, or Tastscheiben, are located between contiguous eyelashes as small rete pegs containing several Merkel cell-neurite complexes innervated by one or two myelinated afferent fibers. The function of this array of sensory terminals is presumed to represent an extensive mechanism of protection for the cornea and globe. On the basis of studies reported to date we can conclude that the Ruffini corpuscles (and related receptors) are the ubiquitous mechanoreceptors of cutaneous and musculoskeletal systems in birds as well as mammals.

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“…These dynamic changes give the fingertip stability, sensitivity, adaptability to an object, ability to resist force, and capability of fine movement. At the dorsal side of the fingertip, the phalangoglenoidal ligament, proper phalangeal ligament, and periosteum of the lateral base of the distal phalanx form a structure that resembles a halter 12,13 above the nail matrix (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the surrounding structures of the nail, such as the extensor apparatus and the ligaments of the digits, 4,9,10 have been the subject of numerous studies, 3,5,11–16 almost no attention has been paid to the SEP. In this study, we demonstrate that the SEP plays a role in fingertip stabilization, especially for precision and oppositional pinches.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Membrane-Like Structure From Extensor Tendon to the Nail in the Distal End of Digits

Aoki¹,

Nagano²,

Kiyosawa³

et al. 2021

Ann Plast Surg

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In distal dorsal finger injuries, the delicate structures of the nail matrix or insertion of the extensor tendon to the distal phalangeal bone should be preserved or repaired for esthetic and functional results. To explore these structures for a safer surgical approach, we focused on a membrane-like structure (the superficial extended portion of the extensor tendon [SEP]), poorly described previously, that attaches between the nail halter and the extensor tendon.MethodsThe nail structures of 6 cadavers were investigated in each of the 10 digits of the hand. In the histological study, the thickness, length, and location of the SEP were measured in each digit of 3 cadavers. In the other 3 cadavers, the moving distance of the SEP was measured macroscopically with the distal interphalangeal joint in flexion at 0 to 60 degrees for confirmation of the function. This moving distance could be considered as an indicator of the SEP straining the surrounding (retaining) structure and improving the stability of the nail in pinches.ResultThe SEP was recognized in all the digits. The average length of the SEPs was 2.38 ± 0.11 mm (mean ± SE). The average thickness of the SEPs was 0.35 ± 0.02 mm. The nail matrix and its feeding artery were found beneath the SEP in all digits. The average moving distance of the SEP was 1.38 ± 0.06 mm. This moving distance could be considered sufficiently large to support the role of SEP in the pinches compared with the excursion of the extensor tendon at the DIP joint in a previous report.ConclusionsThe SEP has been shown to play an essential role in fingertip stabilization in pinches. It can serve as an anatomical marker to avoid iatrogenic damage to the nail matrix in surgical approaches.

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Die Haut

Cited by 10 publications

References 729 publications

Scanning electron microscopy of the capillary loops in the dermal papillae of the hand in primates, including man

Scanning electron microscopy of the capillary loops in the dermal papillae of the hand in primates, including man

The sensory innervation of primate eyelid

The Membrane-Like Structure From Extensor Tendon to the Nail in the Distal End of Digits

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