The Most Common New Cases of Breast Cancer among the Housewives: The Some Carcinogenic Determinants

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have observed risk factors for breast cancer. We aimed to investigate and assess the relationship between individual, social, occupational and environmental determinants of breast cancer using a questionnaire among 100 newly diagnosed female breast cancer patients and 100 control female subjects without cancer.METHODS: A case-control study using a family ambulatory based survey was conducted among 200 female patients from all municipalities of Zenica - Doboj Canton. New cases of breast cancer among subjects of experimental group (n = 100) were diagnosed between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2007 using the institutional clinical procedure for breast cancer diagnosis. Data were obtained using a self - rated questionnaire specially designed for this research. The questionnaire contains a group of questions about individual and demographic data, occupational and environment characteristics, reproductive hystory, body mass index, life style and quality life factors.RESULTS: Fifty two percent of our examinees with breast cancer are housewives. There were no significant differences between the two groups and their subgroups except for prevalence of routine physical activity (P = 0.016), unemployment (P = 0.004), history arrival menopause (P = 0.012), and type of occupation/ workplace (P = 0.015) among subjects with breast cancer in relation to control subjects. We found significantly higher prevalence for failure to routine physical activity (P = 0.006), obesity (P = 0.009), unemployment (P = 0.001), unsecure existence (P = 0.015), and low level of education (P = 0.001) in housewives in relationship to others occupation.CONCLUSION: The most common new cases of breast cancer were among housewife. Inverse significantly link between breast cancer and poverty, arrival time of menopause and distant-cousin- degree family history were found. For most women, physical activity may reduce the risk of invasive breast cancer

Environment as a Breast Cancer-Causing Factors in Urban Women in Indonesia

“…Several studies have shown an increase in the incidence of breast cancer in women exposed to the main ingredients of the chemical industry such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), some solvents, pesticide ingredients, and metals (Engel & Rasanayagam, 2015;Fenga, 2016;International Agency for Research and Cancer & World Health Organization, 2012). Besides, the risk of breast cancer is also found in women who work in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, hairdresser, radiation/x-ray machine, cleaning products, car operators, and so on (Brophy et al, 2006;Engel & Rasanayagam, 2015;Ji et al, 2008;Pranjić et al, 2015). Therefore, every worker who may be potentially exposed to carcinogenic materials must determine how to protect themselves with appropriate engineering and administrative controls, safe work practices, and personal protective equipment (International Labour Organization, 2013).…”

“…Breast cancer is not common in younger women (less than 20 years) and older women (more than 80 years) (Autier et al, 2010). Other studies found that women 45 years of age and older are at high risk of suffering from breast cancer (Pranjić et al, 2015). Several factors are believed to influence such as geographical location (solar ultraviolet exposure), early age of menarche (under 12 years), low parity, lactation, obesity, genetics, and the family history of breast cancer (Laden & Hunter, 1998).…”

“…Some research has shown that the physical environment is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (Fenton & Birnbaum, 2015;Pranjić et al, 2015;Siddique et al, 2016). Other studies showed an increased risk of breast cancer in women exposed to ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), pesticides, and metal industry (Fenga, 2016).…”

Profil Usia dan Pekerjaan Pasien Kanker Payudara NST berdasarkan Fenotipe Molekuler Her-2

“…Pertumbuhan risiko kanker payudara juga diamati pada wanita yang dipekerjakan di industri farmasi, produksi kosmetik, penata rambut, perawat, teknisi laboratorium, ahli kebersihan gigi dan produksi mobil. (Pranjic et al, 2014) Penelitian sebelumnya di Italia mengungkap mengenai hubungan antara kerja shift malam dan morbiditas kanker payudara. Paparan cahaya di malam hari dapat menekan puncak produksi melatonin dan jam sirkadian utama, mengakibatkan terjadinya gangguan tidur yang dapat memberi efek negatif pada sistem kekebalan tubuh.…”