The morphology of coconut fiber surface under chemical treatment

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of chemical treatment on the coconut fiber surface morphology. This study is divided into three stages, preparation of materials, treatment and testing of coconut fiber. The first treatment is coconut fiber soaked in a solution of NaOH for 3 hours with concentration, respectively 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The second treatment is coconut fiber soaked in KMnO 4 solution with a concentration of 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% for 3 hours. The third treatment is coconut fiber is soaked in H 2 O 2 solution with a concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% for 3 hours. At each treatment the fiber is dried in an oven at a temperature of 90 o C for 5 hours. Coconut fibers that had been the first, second, and third treated, sorted out for chemical composition, single fiber tensile and SEM testing. Tensile strength of single coconut fiber was tested following ASTM 3379-02 by using a tensile testing LR10K Plus 10 kN Universal Materials Testing Machine. The fiber surface morphology was examined using electron microscopy Vega3 Tescan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) at 5kV voltage, and X-ray diffraction, 30 kV, 15 mA, at scan speed 2.000 deg./min . The result shows that the highest tensile strength of the fiber obtained in the first treatment namely N4. In general the mechanical strength of the fiber decrease slightly however, the fiber surface morphology becomes rough. NaOH treatments cause crystallization on the surface of the fiber. Crystallinity index was decreased with increasing concentration of NaOH. The second treatment caused the trench grooves on the surface of the fiber that can improve bonding between fiber and matrix.

Storage study and quality evaluation of fresh coconut grating

“…The SEM analysis is suitably utilized also to relate with the textural aspects of the sensorial properties of coconut grating. The change in surface morphology of coconut fiber with chemical treatment has been reported by Arsyad, Wardana, and Irawan (), where the coconut fiber was observed to become rough with a decrease in mechanical strength. The surface morphology of coconut fiber with and without chemical treatment has been reported by Arsyad et al () and chemical treatment has changed the surface morphology of coconut fiber and became rough with a decrease in mechanical strength.…”

“…The change in surface morphology of coconut fiber with chemical treatment has been reported by Arsyad, Wardana, and Irawan (), where the coconut fiber was observed to become rough with a decrease in mechanical strength. The surface morphology of coconut fiber with and without chemical treatment has been reported by Arsyad et al () and chemical treatment has changed the surface morphology of coconut fiber and became rough with a decrease in mechanical strength. Raghavendra et al () reported rupture in honey comb fiber matrix structure of coconut grating which was subjected to different mechanical operations.…”

The effects of sodium hydroxide and potassium permanganate treatment on roughness of coconut fiber surface

“…Generally to know the roughness of fiber surface always use SEM [1,2,3,4]. Therefore, in this study also used the measurement directly by using the surface roughness gauge Mitutoyo SJ.301 [4,8].…”

“…Lignin is a macromolecular polyphenol compound whereas cellulose and hemicellulose are polysaccharide compounds. Natural fibers are also hydrophilic, meaning they are easy to absorb water [1] [2]. This will result in low of bonding strength between natural fibers and matrix, in addition to fiber surfaces still containing impurities and other elements [3].…”

Effect of liquid smoke on surface morphology and tensile strength of Sago Fiber

“…In recent years, natural fibers have been widely studied by experts as industrial materials such as mengkuang fibers, palm fibers, akaa (corypha) fibers, king pineapple leaf fibers, coconut fibers, carica papaya fibers, albizia amara fibers, and juncus effuses L fibers [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. This study discusses the treatment of Sago fiber (SF) using acetic acid in liquid smoke from coconut shell which is more eco-friendly than other alkali treatment.…”