The Mode of Pollination in Habenaria Obtusata (Orchidaceae)

Thien, Leonard B.; Utech, Frederick H.

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1970.tb09905.x

Cited by 36 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Waite, Hopkins, and Hitchings, 1991; R2 = Comparettia falcata (means over 2 yr), Rodriguez-Robles, Melendez, and Ackerman, 1992; R3 = Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Waiteet aI., 1991; R4 = Goodyera oblongifolia. Ackerman, 1975;R5 = Habenaria obtusata, Thien and Utech, 1970;R6 = Platanthera stricta, Patt et al, 1987;R 7 = Prasophyllum odoratum, Bernhardt and Burns-Balogh, 1986; D I = Aspasia principissa, Zimmerman and Aide, 1989;D2a = Calypso bulbosa, Boyden, 1982;D2b = Calypso bulbosa, Mosquin, 1970; D2c = Calypso bulbosa, this study; D3 = Epidendrum ciliare, Ackerman and Montalvo, 1990; D4 = Stelis argentata, Christensen, 1992; D5 = Thelymitra antennifera, Dafni and Calder, 1987; D6 = Cymbidiella flabellata, Nilsson et al 1986; D7 = Cypripedium acaule (means over 2 yr), Davis, 1986; D8 = Diuris maculata (means over six transects), Beardsell et aI., 1986 Morphological and color changes in Calypso bulbosa occurred in response to deposition of pollen on the stigma rather than to removal from the anther, as has also been found for the orchids Cypripedium acaule (Primack and Hall, 1990) and Encyclia krugii (Ackerman, 1989). In Cymbidium species, on the other hand, color changes can be induced by removal of pollinia and anther cap (Woltering, 1990).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Pollination Success on Floral Longevity in the Orchid Calypso bulbosa (Orchidaceae)

Proctor¹,

Harder²

1995

American Journal of Botany

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The lifespan of an individual flower is often affected by pollination success. Species differ regarding whether male function (pollen removal), female function (pollen deposition), or both trigger floral senescence. We studied senescence in the singleflowered, deceptive orchid Calypso bulbosa by manipulating the degree of male and female reproductive success. We found that deposition of any amount of pollen resulted in dramatic changes in shape and color within 4 d, whereas unmanipulated flowers and those that had had pollinia removed remained unchanged for 8-11 d after treatment. Selection may favor the reproductive function that is less easily satisfied as the trigger for senescence, because a flower that senesces after accomplishment of this function is likely to have already succeeded at the more easily satisfied one. Deceptive (i.e., rewardless) flowers are more likely to satisfy male than female function since the latter requires that a pollinator be fooled twice, first to pick up pollen and second to deposit it. A survey of naturally pollinated Calypso showed that male function, pollinium removal, was more likely to occur than female function, deposition (95% vs. 66% of visited flowers); thus floral senescence in Calypso is triggered by achievement of the function less likely to succeed. Studies of senescence triggers in species in which female function is more likely to be achieved than male are necessary to further test this hypothesis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Pollination Success on Floral Longevity in the Orchid Calypso bulbosa (Orchidaceae)

Proctor¹,

Harder²

1995

American Journal of Botany

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“…The extended period of time that milkweed flowers remain attractive may be related to the relatively low levels of effective pollinator activity observed in natural populations. Orchids also are characterized by low numbers of visits by their large heavy-bodied insect pollinators (van der Pijl and Dodson, 1966;Thien and Utech, 1970). These plants are well known for their durable, long-lasting flowers, and moreover are the only group of plants other than milkweeds with pollen grains organized into discrete pollinia.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF ASCLEPIAS TUBEROSA

Wyatt

1981

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYIndividual flowers of the self-incompatible milkweed Asclepias tuberosa are available to pollinators for 7 or 8 days; however, there is a large overlap in flowering time (4 to 5 weeks) within and among inflorescences on a single plant and therefore the possibility of high levels of self-pollination. Pollinator activity closely follows availability of flowers, although the more rapid decline of the former may indicate switching of pollinators to other plant species flowering simultaneously. These observational data are combined with experimental crossing data to write probability functions for a simple multiplicative model incorporating both extrinsic and intrinsic factors determining fruit-set. Fruit-set predictions from the model are very close to the 033 % observed in natural populations of A. tuberosa.

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“…However, a few Platanthera species are copollinated by several unrelated types of insects which are similar with respect to body size and mouthpart dimensions. For example, P. obtusata (Pursh) Richardson is pollinated by several species ofsmall-and medium-sized moths and mosquitoes (Stoutamire, 1968(Stoutamire, , 1974Thien, 1969;Thien and Utech, 1970;Voss and Riefner, 1983), and P. blephariglottis (Willdenow) Lindley is copollinated by several species of hawkmoths, butterflies, and bumblebees (Smith and Snow, 1976;Cole and Firmage, 1984). In some cases only a single pollinator is involved; i.e., Platantheraflava (L.) Lindley is reportedly pollinated by mosquitoes (Luer, 1975), while P. chorisiana (Chamb) Reichb.…”

Section: Examination Of Extrafloral Nectar-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollination Biology of Platanthera stricta (Orchidaceae) in Olympic National Park, Washington

Patt

Merchant

Williams

et al. 1989

American Journal of Botany

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. ABSTRACTPlatanthera stricta Lindley is entomophilous and can produce seed via facultative self-pollination and intraracemic and interracemic pollination. Capsule production is pollinator-limited and seed set may be pollen-limited. In experimental plants capsules produced via self-and intraracemic pollination contained fewer seeds with normally developed embryos than did capsules produced via interracemic pollination. The inflorescence of Platanthera stricta is fragrant and is attractive to a wide array of anthophilous insects. It is pollinated by a diverse assemblage of short-tongued insects. The primary pollinators are Eustroma fasciata B. and McD. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), Bombus flavifrons Cresson and B. melanopygus Nylander (Hymenoptera: Apidae), an undescribed species of Greya (Lepidoptera: Prodixidae), and several species of Empis, Rhamphomyia, and Anthepiscopus longipalpis Melander (Diptera: Empididae). Small amounts of glucose are present on the raceme. The extrafloral glucose may retain small pollinators on the inflorescence until they locate the floral spur aperture. THE BOG ORCHIDS, Platanthera L. C. Richard, are found in moist habitats in temperate and subtropical regions. About 30 species of Platanthera are found in North America; five species occur in northwestern North America, forming a morphologically diverse species complex (Luer, 1975). Very little is known about the reproductive biology of the northwestern Platanthera species. The purpose of this study was to determine the pollination biology of Platanthera stricta Lindley (syn. Habenaria saccata (Green) Hulten), a readilyidentifiable and abundant member of the northwestern North American Platanthera species complex.Platanthera stricta is typically a slender glabrous plant that may grow to be one meter tall. The green to yellow-green flowers are borne on an elongated raceme that is variable in length and number of flowers (Fig.l). The floral spur 1

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The Mode of Pollination in Habenaria Obtusata (Orchidaceae)

Cited by 36 publications

References 2 publications

Effect of Pollination Success on Floral Longevity in the Orchid Calypso bulbosa (Orchidaceae)

Effect of Pollination Success on Floral Longevity in the Orchid Calypso bulbosa (Orchidaceae)

THE REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF ASCLEPIAS TUBEROSA

Pollination Biology of Platanthera stricta (Orchidaceae) in Olympic National Park, Washington

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