Pollination Biology of Platanthera stricta (Orchidaceae) in Olympic National Park, Washington

Patt, Joseph M.; Merchant, Mark W.; Williams, Drew R. E.; Meeuse, B. J. D.

doi:10.2307/2444821

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…fruit set) was more limited by pollen import than by pollen export. Compared with the pollination efficiency ratios observed in other temperate rewarding orchids (expressed as the mean number of pollinia that need to be removed before a flower is successfully pollinated), such as Prasophylum odoratum (on average, 1.44 : 1; Bernhardt & Burns‐Balogh, 1986), Platanthera stricta (on average, 1.30 : 1; Patt et al. , 1989), and Disa uniflora (on average, 1.1 : 1; Johnson & Bond, 1992), the mean pollination efficiency ratio in the studied L. ovata populations is surprisingly low (on average, 3.9 : 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Pollination efficiency and reproductive patterns in relation to local plant density, population size, and floral display in the rewardingListera ovata(Orchidaceae)

Brys

Jacquemyn

Hermy

2008

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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Pollination efficiency and reproductive success vary strongly among populations of most animal-pollinated plant species, depending on their size and local density, whereas individual plants within populations experience varying levels of reproductive output as a result of differences in floral display. Although most orchid species have been shown to be severely pollination limited, few studies have investigated the impact of the above-mentioned factors on pollination success and reproduction, especially in rewarding species. In this study, the impact of population size, local density of flowering plants, and floral display on the rates of pollinia export and fruit production was investigated in 13 natural populations of the rewarding terrestrial orchid Listera ovata. In addition, an emasculation experiment was set up to examine how floral display and local density of flowering plants affected the relative importance of cross-vs. geitonogamous pollination in determining fruit set. In the studied populations, pollination efficiency, pollen removal, and fruit set increased with increasing population size until a threshold value of 30-40 flowering plants was reached, above which pollination efficiency and reproductive output decreased again. On average, plants with large floral displays showed higher proportional pollinia removal and fruit set compared with smaller plants. Fruit production was also significantly and positively related to local plant density, whereas emasculation did not affect the relationship between local plant density and fruit set, suggesting that geitonogamous pollination did not affect the outcome of female function. The results of this study are discussed in the light of the flowering mechanism of the species and its generalized pollination system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Pollination efficiency and reproductive patterns in relation to local plant density, population size, and floral display in the rewardingListera ovata(Orchidaceae)

Brys

Jacquemyn

Hermy

2008

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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“…Large plants were either not capable of utilizing the increased nutrient levels, or nutrients were taken up and stored for subsequent growth and reproduction. Thus, like in other orchids (Patt et al 1989), the effects of fertilizer treatment on reproduction of P. bifolia may become visible only after several years. No acute toxic or other negative effects mentioned by McKendrick (1996) were observed.…”

Section: Platanthera Bifoliamentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Platanthera spp. (Patt et al 1989) and D. incarnata (Lammi 1999) have been found not to be discriminative among intraspecific pollen donors, and capsules are normally matured after self-pollination. In the fourth group, both the nutrient application and hand-pollination were conducted as described above to find possible interactions (F + P+ ).…”

Section: Nutrient and Pollination Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient versus pollination limitation in Platanthera bifolia and Dactylorhiza incarnata (Orchidaceae)

Mattila

Kuitunen²

2000

Oikos

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Mattila, E. and Kuitunen, M. T. 2000. Nutrient versus pollination limitation in Platanthera bifolia and Dactylorhiza incarnata (Orchidaceae). -Oikos 89: 360 -366.Availability of resources and pollination services have been demonstrated to have impact on reproductive success in some orchid species, but to our knowledge no studies have examined the effects of nutrient application and pollination limitation in the same experiment. In this study, factors limiting reproductive success were studied with two terrestrial orchid species in Central Finland during 1996 and 1997. In a field experiment using a factorial design, plants of nectar-producing Platanthera bifolia and nectarless Dactylorhiza incarnata were treated with nutrient application and hand-pollination. Inflorescence size was considered as an indicator of attractiveness to pollinators as well as of the general condition of the plant. In 1996, fertilizer treatment increased relative capsule production in P. bifolia plants with small inflorescences, indicating poorer store of resources in the underground corm and dependence on nutrient availability during capsule maturation, which was not found in large plants. Hand-pollination and large inflorescence size in P. bifolia did not affect capsule initiation, but increased the proportion of mature capsules. P. bifolia may thus be regarded as both resource-and pollination-limited within a year. Pollination success was observed to be the only factor limiting reproduction of the nectarless D. incarnata within a year, because hand-pollination increased capsule production, and there were no significant effects of fertilizer treatment or inflorescence size in 1996. Capsule production in 1996 did not affect the probability of P. bifolia flowering in the following year, while high capsule production decreased the subsequent probability of flowering in D. incarnata. Species with different pollination strategies differed in the use of resources. The nectar-producing P. bifolia had a lower fruit/flower ratio than the nectarless D. incarnata, also after hand-pollination.

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“…Although not used as evidence of visitation in the present study, dislodged pollinia were found attached to other parts of the flower. This has been used as evidence of high visitation in other studies (Patt et al . 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollination ecology, genetic diversity and selection on nectar spur length inPlatanthera lacera(Orchidaceae)

Little

Dieringer

Romano

2005

Plant Species Biology

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Platanthera lacera (Orchidaceae) is a moth-pollinated, loess prairie orchid producing a raceme of one to many whitish-green flowers. Field studies on a western Illinois population found the crepuscular visiting noctuid moth, Anagrapha falcifera (Noctuidae), to be the most frequent pollinator with occasional visits from Allagrapha aerea (Noctuidae). Visitation rates, assessed by removal of at least one pollinium, were relatively high (84.9%) and fruit production on experimentally outcrossed flowers (94.4%) was higher than open-pollinated plants (71.4%). Experimental pollination showed P. lacera to be highly self-compatible (94.1%) with a low level of autogamy (8.2%). Measurements taken from 598 spurs on 44 plants indicated that nectar spur length varied significantly among plants (10.9-17.1 mm, mean 14.3 mm), but was not under selective pressure from visitation by An. falcifera (mean proboscis length 11.1 mm). The absence of selective pressure on nectar spur length is likely to be explained by occasional pollinating visits from Al. aerea (proboscis length 18 mm) and a limited amount of autogamy. Electrophoretic analysis of 12 enzymes revealed seven polymorphic loci. Mean levels of heterozygosity were H e = = = = 0.3384, H o = = = = 0.3229 and F = = = = 0.0458, indicating that P. lacera is primarily an outcrossing species dependent on noctuid moth pollination.

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Pollination Biology of Platanthera stricta (Orchidaceae) in Olympic National Park, Washington

Cited by 30 publications

References 21 publications

Pollination efficiency and reproductive patterns in relation to local plant density, population size, and floral display in the rewardingListera ovata(Orchidaceae)

Pollination efficiency and reproductive patterns in relation to local plant density, population size, and floral display in the rewardingListera ovata(Orchidaceae)

Nutrient versus pollination limitation in Platanthera bifolia and Dactylorhiza incarnata (Orchidaceae)

Pollination ecology, genetic diversity and selection on nectar spur length inPlatanthera lacera(Orchidaceae)

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