The mode of action (MOA) approach reveals interactive effects of environmental pharmaceuticals on Mytilus galloprovincialis

Bioavailability, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and genotoxicity of pharmaceuticals bound to marine sediments. The use of the polychaete Hediste diversicolor as bioindicator species

“…Guidelines for sediment quality assessment and monitoring did not include pharmaceuticals as contaminants of concern (CEDEX, 1994;USACE, 1998;USEPA, 1998aUSEPA, , 1998b; GIPME (Global Investigation of Pollution in the Marine Environment), 2000; SEDNET, 2003). Therefore, previous studies confirmed the possible adverse effects in non-target organisms (Martín-Díaz et al, 2009;Franzellitti et al, 2012Franzellitti et al, , 2013Aguirre-Martínez et al, 2013a, 2013b. The biological effects can be established based on laboratory tests that determine toxic responses (Moralles-Caselles et al, 2007).…”

“…Phase II activity (GST) was activated by IBP in gill, hepatopancreas and muscle of crabs (Aguirre-Martínez et al, 2013a). Also PRO and FX were responsible for the increase of phase II activity in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis (Franzellitti et al, 2011(Franzellitti et al, , 2013.…”

Occurrence, ecotoxicological effects and risk assessment of antihypertensive pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment - A review

“…In growth inhibition tests using the macrophyte Lemna minor, Godoy et al (2015) found that the combined effects of the antihypertensives propranolol and losartan were lower than the single effects posed by these pharmaceuticals. Franzellitti et al (2013) used the mode-of-action (MoA) approach to investigate the interactive effects of the propranolol and the antidepressant fluoxetine on Mytillus galloprovincialis, both alone and in combination, each at 0.3 ng L À1 , during a period of 7 d. The authors found important evidence for antagonistic effects of the pharmaceuticals. Propranolol counteracted the increase in the expression of a serotonin receptor (5-HT 1 ) gene product induced by fluoxetine, while having no effect intrinsically.…”

General stress, detoxification pathways, neurotoxicity and genotoxicity evaluated in Ruditapes philippinarum exposed to human pharmaceuticals

“…In addition, biochemical biomarkers (considered to be parameters of chemical exposure and effect) have indicated the presence, availability, and toxicity of pharmaceuticals in several studies. For example, the induction of activities of biotransformation enzymes and oxidative stress, have indicated cellular detoxification against these compounds in D. polymorpha (Contardo-Jara et al, 2011), M. galloprovincialis (Franzellitti et al, 2011(Franzellitti et al, , 2013Martín-Díaz et al, 2009a, Venerupis decussata and Venerupis philippinarum (clams) (Antunes et al, 2013), Corbicula fluminea (clam) (Aguirre-Martínez et al, 2015a, 2015bChen et al, 2014), Oncorhynchus mykiss (fish) (Gagné et al, 2006;Li et al, 2011), and Hediste diversicolor (polychaete) (Maranho, et al 2014) among others. Toxicity of these compounds have also been evaluated through neurotoxic and genotoxic effects in V. philippinarum (Munari et al, 2014), H. diversicolor (Maranho et al, 2014), Ampelisca brevicornis (amphipod) (Maranho et al, 2015), Elliptio complanata (mussel) , M. galloprovincialis (Franzellitti et al, 2013), and D. polymorpha (Quinn et al, 2011) to name a few.…”