Bioavailability, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and genotoxicity of pharmaceuticals bound to marine sediments. The use of the polychaete Hediste diversicolor as bioindicator species

General stress, detoxification pathways, neurotoxicity and genotoxicity evaluated in Ruditapes philippinarum exposed to human pharmaceuticals

“…These results are consistent with the significant decrease of DBF activity measured in H. diversicolor exposed to 0.05 mg L À 1 of ibuprofen (Maranho et al, 2014) even though ibuprofen can induce this activity as observed in A. brevicornis exposed to sediment spiked with ibuprofen at environmental concentration (Maranho et al, 2015). The induction of EROD activity produced by the pharmaceuticals tested, and the increase of DBF activity by carbamazepine and novobiocin in the present research corroborates the bioavailability of selected drugs and their metabolization during the 14 day experiment.…”

“…This increase was in agreement with previous reports, which suggest an increase of DBF activity in digestive gland tissues of C. fluminea when exposed to caffeine, ibuprofen and carbamazepine (Aguirre-Martínez et al, 2015a, 2015b and also in gonad and digestive gland tissues of E. complanata after injection of carbamazepine (Martín-Díaz et al, 2009a). Increase on the DBF activity was also observed on H. diversicolor exposed to carbamazepine at environmental concentration, nevertheless this increase was not significant (Maranho et al, 2014). Interestingly in the present study, a significant decrease compared to controls on DBF activity was found in clams subjected to dissolved caffeine and ibuprofen.…”

“…Results from the present study are in disagreement with those indicating activation of GST activity in digestive gland tissues of M. galloprovincialis when exposed to carbamazepine 0.1-10 μg L À 1 (Martín-Díaz et al, 2009b). Results also disagree with the study indicating activation of GST activity measured in H. diversicolor exposed to carbamazepine at environmental concentration (Maranho et al, 2014). Exposure to drugs and activation on GST activity has been demonstrated in bivalve's tissues when E. complanata was exposed to a municipal effluent plume in Canada that contained numerous pharmaceuticals active compounds .…”

“…In addition, biochemical biomarkers (considered to be parameters of chemical exposure and effect) have indicated the presence, availability, and toxicity of pharmaceuticals in several studies. For example, the induction of activities of biotransformation enzymes and oxidative stress, have indicated cellular detoxification against these compounds in D. polymorpha (Contardo-Jara et al, 2011), M. galloprovincialis (Franzellitti et al, 2011(Franzellitti et al, , 2013Martín-Díaz et al, 2009a, Venerupis decussata and Venerupis philippinarum (clams) (Antunes et al, 2013), Corbicula fluminea (clam) (Aguirre-Martínez et al, 2015a, 2015bChen et al, 2014), Oncorhynchus mykiss (fish) (Gagné et al, 2006;Li et al, 2011), and Hediste diversicolor (polychaete) (Maranho, et al 2014) among others. Toxicity of these compounds have also been evaluated through neurotoxic and genotoxic effects in V. philippinarum (Munari et al, 2014), H. diversicolor (Maranho et al, 2014), Ampelisca brevicornis (amphipod) (Maranho et al, 2015), Elliptio complanata (mussel) , M. galloprovincialis (Franzellitti et al, 2013), and D. polymorpha (Quinn et al, 2011) to name a few.…”

Environmental risk assessment of freshwater sediments contaminated with triclosan

“…To our knowledge, few studies have assessed the effects of human PPCPs in freshwater sediments to benthic organisms. Maranho et al (2014;2015a) have studied such effects in marine spiked sediments and found that carbamazepine, ibuprofen, fluoxetine, 17α-ethynylestradiol and propranolol inhibits Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence at concentrations ranging from 36.1 to 163.9 ng g -1 . The same studies showed effects of these compounds on the embryo-larval development of sea urchins and growth rates of microalgae.…”