The microstructure of lingual papillae in the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) as observed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy

Morphological Comparison of the Filiform Papillae of New Zealand White Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) as Domestic Mammals and Egyptian Fruit Bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) as Wild Mammals Using Scanning Electron Microscopic Specimens

“…This was clear in case of, P. scapulatus having long pointed, and dense giant papillae on a large area of anterior part of tongue, suggest that P. scapulatus prefers a diet of nectar (Eby, 1995), with its migratory behaviour to area with little or no flowering, so P. scapulatus consume fruit (Eby, 1995), so some variation in giant papillae morphology. Also, this variation extended to include the presence or absence of some type of papillae (Jackowiak et al, 2009;Ghassemi & Jahromi) Egyptian fruit bat have bifid filiform papillae in addition to trifid ones, in constant our result agree with (Trzcielinska-Lorych et al; Emura et al, 2012), that there is no presence of bifid papillae.…”

“…But there were four subtypes as noted in our study in New Zealand white rabbits and in frugivorous bats (Masuko et al; Trzcielinska-Lorych et al; Mqokeli & Downs) and ferret (Takemura et al, 2009). While three subtypes as noted in; bats (Jackowiak et al, 2009;Pastor et al, 1993), rat (Ojima et al, 1996), mice (Toprak, 2006), and rabbit (Nonaka et al), moreover there are two subtypes as in; bat (Park & Lee), Porcupine (Karan et al, 2011) and (Jackowiak, 2006) in European mole. There is only one types as noted in camel by (Qayyum et al, 1988).…”

“…While (Pastor et al, 1993) in common European bat reported that there was a prominent of intermolar tubercle, moreover, molossid bats have a prominent mid-dorsal lobe as noted by Gregorin (2003), but Emura et al (2001b), Jackowiak et al (2009), Gregorin and Mqokeli & Downs (2012) reported that, there is no typically intermolar tubercle in all bats, while our study in the Egyptian fruit bat noted that, the characteristic feature of the dorsal surface of the middle part of tongue is the presence of a shallow intermolar tubercle, located close to the posterior half area of the tongue. Our study in New Zealand white rabbit confirmed that, the presence of a lingual prominence is regarded as a characteristic of herbivores and this musclerich prominence with filiform papillae allows herbivores to grind food by crushing it between the tongue and the upper palate, while in the Egyptian fruit bat, the main function of the filiform papillae to help in catching of foods.…”

“…The differences in the filiform morphology among the same animals may be related to type of food eaten, which varied according to geographical distribution; as in this study of Egyptian fruit bat (captured from Egypt), there were differences in shape, size, orientation and number of the lingual papillae; there were six subtypes of the filiform papillae, moreover in Egyptian fruit bat (captured from Japan) (Emura et al, 2012) noted that there are five subtypes of the filiform papillae, but in Egyptian fruit bat captured from Poland, there are two status; the first noted by (Trzcielinska-Lorych et al) that there were four subtypes, while the second status noted by (Jackowiak et al, 2009) that there are three subtypes only (Ghassemi & Jahromi, 2013) in Egyptian fruit bat captured from Iran were noted that three subtypes of the filiform papillae. or this variation may reflect the different in subspecies as; certain P. poliocephalus adapted to a nectar diet and others to fruit diet (Eby, 1991).…”

“…Previous studies on the distribution of lingual papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue in the Egyptian fruit bat indicated its considerable species-specific character, resulting from the adaptation of the lingual mucosa to the intake of liquid and semi-liquid food (Jackowiak et al, 2009;Emura et al, 2012;Trzcielinska-Lorych et al, 2009;Abumandour & El-Bakary, 2013). The arrangement and structure of the mechanical lingual papillae, aiding the transfer of food, documented in vertebrates, constitutes general traits typical of individual taxonomic units, for example, orders or families (Azalli et al, 1991;Emura et al, 2002b;Emura et al, 2000;.…”