The microbiomes of adenoid and middle ear in children with otitis media with effusion and hypertrophy from a tertiary hospital in China

Xu, Jianghong; Dai, Wenjia; Liang, Qiong

doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110058

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Adenoid microbiota in controls was composed predominantly by Haemophilus (15.96%), Streptococcus (13.33%), and Moraxella (12.28%); however, no significant differences in relative abundances of these genera were found in adenoids of OME patients vs. controls. According to this data and to previous findings, authors concluded that the dissimilarities in microbial compositions between these two niches challenge the PRH in OME [76].…”

Section: Otitis Media With Effusionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Upper Respiratory Tract Microbiome and Otitis Media Intertalk: Lessons from the Literature

Folino

Ruggiero

Capaccio

et al. 2020

JCM

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Otitis media (OM) is one of the most common diseases occurring during childhood. Microbiological investigations concerning this topic have been primarily focused on the four classical otopathogens (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pyogenes) mainly because most of the studies have been conducted with culture-dependent methods. In recent years, the introduction of culture-independent techniques has allowed high-throughput investigation of entire bacterial communities, leading to a better comprehension of the role of resident flora in health and disease. The upper respiratory tract (URT) is a region of major interest in otitis media pathogenesis, as it could serve as a source of pathogens for the middle ear (ME). Studies conducted with culture-independent methods in the URT and ME have provided novel insights on the pathogenesis of middle ear diseases through the identification of both possible new causative agents and of potential protective bacteria, showing that imbalances in bacterial communities could influence the natural history of otitis media in children. The aim of this review is to examine available evidence in microbiome research and otitis media in the pediatric age, with a focus on its different phenotypes: acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion and chronic suppurative otitis media.

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Section: Otitis Media With Effusionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Upper Respiratory Tract Microbiome and Otitis Media Intertalk: Lessons from the Literature

Folino

Ruggiero

Capaccio

et al. 2020

JCM

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“…In addition to these classic otopathogens, multiple 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies of OME middle ear effusion also reported high levels of Alloiococcus otitis, Corynebacterium otitidis (formerly Turicella otitidis [4]), Pseudomonas spp., and Staphylococcus spp. (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus auricularis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis) (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). It is, however, still uncertain if these taxa, many of which are residents of the ear canal (17,18) or the healthy URT (19), contribute to middle ear disease.…”

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confidence: 99%

Case-Control Microbiome Study of Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion in Children Points at Streptococcus salivarius as a Pathobiont-Inhibiting Species

et al. 2021

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Chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) has been associated with a shift in microbiome composition and microbial interaction in the upper respiratory tract (URT). While most studies have focused on potential pathogens, this study aimed to find bacteria that could be protective against OME through a case-control microbiome study and characterization of isolates from healthy subjects. The URT and ear microbiome profiles of 70 chronic OME patients and 53 controls were compared by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Haemophilus influenzae was the most frequent classic middle ear pathobiont. However, other taxa, especially Alloiococcus otitis, were also frequently detected in the ear canal of OME patients. Streptococci of the salivarius group and Acinetobacter lwoffii were more abundant in the nasopharynx of healthy controls than in OME patients. In addition to the microbiome analysis, 142 taxa were isolated from healthy individuals, and 79 isolates of 13 different Streptococcus species were tested for their pathobiont-inhibiting potential. Of these, Streptococcus salivarius isolates showed a superior capacity to inhibit the growth of H. influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, A. otitis, and Corynebacterium otitidis. S. salivarius strains thus show potential as a probiotic for prevention or treatment of OME based on their overrepresentation in the healthy nasopharynx and their ability to inhibit the growth of respiratory pathobionts. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT03109496.) IMPORTANCE The majority of probiotics marketed today target gastrointestinal health. This study searched for bacteria native to the human upper respiratory tract, with a beneficial potential for respiratory and middle ear health. Comparison of the microbiomes of children with chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) and of healthy controls identified Streptococcus salivarius as a health-associated and prevalent inhabitant of the human nasopharynx. However, beneficial potential should be assessed at strain level. Here, we also isolated specific S. salivarius strains from the healthy individuals in our study. These isolates showed a beneficial safety profile and efficacy potential to inhibit OME pathogens in vitro. These properties will now have to be evaluated and confirmed in human clinical studies.

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“…Adenoidal hypertrophy often causes nasal congestion and mouth-opening breathing in children and affects physical development [ 14 ]. Increasing evidence indicates that AH might be caused by viruses, bacterial infections, allergic inflammation, the influence of second-hand smoke, and other factors [ 15 ]. In recent years, studies have found that throat reflux plays a critical role in the occurrence and development of adenoid hypertrophy, chronic sinusitis, chronic rhinitis, secretory otitis media, asthma, and laryngeal dysfunction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Changes in Children with Adenoid Hypertrophy: A Randomized Controlled Prospective Study

Zhou

Luo

et al. 2023

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Objectives. This prospective randomized controlled analysis aimed to assess the changes in laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in children with adenoid hypertrophy (AH). Study design: a prospective, randomized, and controlled analysis. Methods. The reflux symptom index (RSI) and the reflux finding score (RFS) scores were used to evaluate the laryngopharyngeal reflux changes in children diagnosed with adenoid hypertrophy. The pepsin concentration in salivary samples was examined, and the positive pepsin was used to assess the sensitivity and specificity of RSI, RFS, and RSI combined with RFS in forecasting LPR. Results. In 43 children with AH, the sensitivity of the RSI and RFS scale (used alone or in combination) in diagnosing pharyngeal reflux in children with adenoid hypertrophy was lower. Pepsin expression was identified in 43 items of salivary samples, with a total positive rate of 69.77%, most of which were optimistic. The expression level of pepsin was positively correlated with the grade of adenoid hypertrophy (r = 0.576, P < 0.01 ). Based on the positive rate of pepsin, we found that the sensitivity and specificity of RSI and RFS were 5.77%, 35.03%, and 91.74%, 55.89%. Moreover, there was a noticeable distinction in the number of acid reflux episodes between the LPR-positive and LPR-negative groups. Conclusion. There is a special connection between LPR change and children’s AH. LPR exerts a crucial role in the progression of children’s AH. Because of the low sensitivity of RSI and RFS, it is not suitable for LPR children to choose AH.

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The microbiomes of adenoid and middle ear in children with otitis media with effusion and hypertrophy from a tertiary hospital in China

Cited by 15 publications

References 36 publications

Upper Respiratory Tract Microbiome and Otitis Media Intertalk: Lessons from the Literature

Upper Respiratory Tract Microbiome and Otitis Media Intertalk: Lessons from the Literature

Case-Control Microbiome Study of Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion in Children Points at Streptococcus salivarius as a Pathobiont-Inhibiting Species

Role of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Changes in Children with Adenoid Hypertrophy: A Randomized Controlled Prospective Study

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