Upper Respiratory Tract Microbiome and Otitis Media Intertalk: Lessons from the Literature

Folino, Francesco; Ruggiero, Luca; Capaccio, Pasquale; Coro, Ilaria; Aliberti, Stefano; Drago, Lorenzo; Marchisio, Paola; Torretta, Sara

doi:10.3390/jcm9092845

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…OME can occur after a known or unrecognized spell of acute otitis media. OME is associated with conductive hearing loss (median 25 dB) 12 . OME functional effect is conductive loss of hearing, which is believed to impair speech, language, and cognitive development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Grommet Insertion for Improvement in Hearing among Patients of Secretory Otitis Media

Zada¹,

Tahir²,

Habib³

et al. 2021

PJMHS

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Aim: To determine the improvement of hearing after grommet insertion in patients with secretory otitis media. Study Design:A Quasi-Experimental study. Place and Duration: ENT, Head & Neck Surgery department of Lady Reading Hospital MTI, Peshawar and Azra Nahid Medical College, Lahore for duration of two years from February 2019 to February 2021. Methods: The study was performed on 48 ears with secretory otitis media. Before the operation,evaluation of both ears along with tympanmontometry and Pure Tone Audiometry were performed. Documentation ofhearing loss was done pre-operatively. During the operation accomplished under GA, a grommetwas placed in the anterior inferior quadrant of the tympanic membrane. After the surgery, PTA was repeated in the postoperative period before the patient was discharged from the hospital. Results:Our study included 28 patients with secretory otitis media and a total of 48 ears. Of the ears, 27 (56.25%) were male and 21 (43.75%) were female. Both ears were affected in 21 patients. Two patients had unilateral ear involvement. The right ear was affected in 26 cases (51.1%) and the left ear in 22 cases (48.9%). 7-55 years was the age range of the patients and 14.10 ± 9.11 years was the mean age. The degree of preoperative hearing loss was mild (20-40 dB) in 5 (10.41%) ears, moderate (40-60 dB) in 37 (77.1%) ears and severe (60-80 dB) in 6 (12.5%) ears. The degree of postoperative hearing loss was mild (20-40 dB) in 36 ears (75%), moderate (40-60 dB) in 11 ears (22.9%) and severe (60-80 dB) in one ear (2.1%). Hearing improvement was not seen in 8 (16.6%) ears, an improvement of 5-10 dB in 34 (70.8%) ears, and an improvement of 10-20 dB in 6 (12.5%) ears. There was a statistically significant difference between preoperative and postoperative hearing loss in the ears, the hearing loss was significantly less after grommet insertion; p = 0.017. Conclusion:The insertion of Grommet provides a significant improvement in hearing in patients with secretory otitis media. Keywords:Pure tone audiometry, Tympanometry, Middle ear, Secretory otitis Media and Grommets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Grommet Insertion for Improvement in Hearing among Patients of Secretory Otitis Media

Zada¹,

Tahir²,

Habib³

et al. 2021

PJMHS

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“…In pediatric healthcare, mastoiditis presents a significant concern as the most common complication of otitis media, impacting both immediate management and long-term implications [6]. Understanding the microbial etiology, as revealed by studies examining bacterial flora in otitis media, provides crucial insights into managing mastoiditis effectively [7]. A three-step treatment approach is proposed as follows: initial conservative measures with antibiotics, followed by ear drainage if needed, and antro-mastoidectomy as a definitive option if conservative measures fail [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Acute Mastoiditis in Saudi Arabia: Demographic Insights, Clinical Profiles, and Prognostic Factors

Alshehri,

Alahmari

2024

Children

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Acute mastoiditis, a complication of otitis media, poses significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment, particularly in pediatric populations. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the demographic characteristics, clinical features, and prognostic factors associated with acute mastoiditis in pediatric patients in Saudi Arabia. Analysis of a multicenter dataset was conducted to assess demographic variables, symptomatology, disease course, and predictors of acute mastoiditis in pediatric patients. Significant associations were found between demographic variables (age group, gender, nationality) and acute mastoiditis risk. Symptomatology analysis revealed consistent frequencies of otalgia across age groups and genders. Disease course analysis highlighted a mean duration from symptom onset to diagnosis of 14.11 days, with frequent complications like mastoid abscess and meningitis. Predictor identification identified symptoms (otalgia, fever, otorrhea), duration of illness, and complications as significant predictors of disease severity. These findings contribute valuable insights into the epidemiology and clinical management of acute mastoiditis, informing targeted interventions to improve patient outcomes.

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“…Changes in the oral or nasopharyngeal microbiota can contribute to the development of various conditions; these alterations have been associated with an increased risk of several pathologies such as otitis media and secretory otitis media [ 7 ]. Otitis media with effusion is caused by fluid accumulation in the middle ear behind the tympanic membrane, without a clear clinical presentation suggesting acute inflammation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying the Microbiome of the Adenoid Surface of Children Suffering from Otitis Media with Effusion and Children without Middle Ear Effusion Using 16S rRNA Genetic Sequencing

Sokolovs-Karijs,

Brīvība,

Saksis

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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Background: The upper respiratory tract harbors diverse communities of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic organisms, originating from both the oral and nasopharyngeal microbiota. Among the primary sites of microbial colonization in the upper airways are the adenoids. Alterations in the adenoid microbiota have been implicated in the development of various conditions, including secretory otitis media. Aim: This study aims to employ 16S rRNA genetic sequencing to identify the most common bacteria present on the surface of adenoids in children with otitis media with effusion and compare them with children without pathologies in the tympanic cavity. Additionally, we seek to determine and compare the bacterial diversity in these two study groups. Materials and Methods: A total of nineteen samples from the adenoid surfaces were collected, comprising two groups: thirteen samples from children without middle ear effusion and six samples from children with secretory otitis media. The libraries of the V3–V4 hypervariable region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was made and sequenced using MiSeq platform. Results: The most prevalent phyla observed in both groups were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. The most common bacterial genera identified in both groups were Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Moraxella, Fusobacterium, and Bordetella, with Fusobacterium and Moraxella being more prevalent in the groups that had no middle ear effusion, while Haemophulus and Streptococcus were more prevalent in the otitis media with effusion group, although not in a statistically significant way. Statistical analysis shows a trend towards bacterial composition and beta diversity being similar between the study groups; however, due to the limited sample size and unevenness between groups, we should approach this data with caution. Conclusion: The lack of prolific difference in bacterial composition between the study groups suggests that the role of the adenoid microbiome in the development of otitis media with effusion may be less significant.

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Upper Respiratory Tract Microbiome and Otitis Media Intertalk: Lessons from the Literature

Cited by 14 publications

References 91 publications

Efficacy of Grommet Insertion for Improvement in Hearing among Patients of Secretory Otitis Media

Efficacy of Grommet Insertion for Improvement in Hearing among Patients of Secretory Otitis Media

Pediatric Acute Mastoiditis in Saudi Arabia: Demographic Insights, Clinical Profiles, and Prognostic Factors

Identifying the Microbiome of the Adenoid Surface of Children Suffering from Otitis Media with Effusion and Children without Middle Ear Effusion Using 16S rRNA Genetic Sequencing

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