The Mechanism of the Dyeing of Polyester Fibres with Disperse Dyes

Abstract

Measurements of the diffusion coefficients and saturation values of seventeen disperse dyes on Dacron polyester fibre under dyeing conditions seem to indicate that the differences in diffusion coefficient between the individual dyes are mainly due, after elimination of geometrical effects, to energy effects associated with the formation of hydrogen bonds, the dye being the proton donor. The efficiencies of three different carriers were approximately the same if equimolar quantities were present inside the fibre.

Carrier Dyeing of Polyester Fibre Part II – The Influence of Carriers on the Diffusion of Disperse Dyes

“…Thus, the conclusion of Glenz et al [7], that dyes with lower diffusion rates are accelerated more by the action of carriers, is not always correct. Also, although there is a tendency for x to be greater the smaller the diffusion coefficient of the dye in the absence of carrier, this is not an absolute rule.…”

“…It was suggested by Vickerstaff [21 J and by Glenz et al [7] that the activation energy of diffusion of dyes is lowered by the presence of carriers. It was suggested by Vickerstaff [21 J and by Glenz et al [7] that the activation energy of diffusion of dyes is lowered by the presence of carriers.…”

“…The generally accepted theory, called the "Plasticizaton Theory", was first suggested by Vickerstaff for water-insoluble carriers [ 11 . Glenz and coworkers [7,8] examined the effect of two carriers, trichlorobenzene and benzoic acid, and found that the increase in dyeing rate was approximately the same when the concentrations of the two carriers in the fibre were similar. The importance of the shift in Tg has been demonstrated by the adherence of the diffusion rates to the WLF equation [2-41. However, very little work has been done on the efficiency of different carriers on a molecular basis, or on the influence of dye structure on the efficiency of a given carrier.…”

“…The same workers [7,8] measured the diffusion coefficients of a number of dyes in the presence and in the absence of carrier and found a wide variation in the effect of the carrier on different dyes, even when the dyes were structurally very similar, e.g. C.I.…”

Optimal design of water treatment plant under uncertainty using genetic algorithm

“…There are also references on the dyeing characteristics of both natural11–14 and synthetic fibers 15–22. The dyeing behavior of polyester fibers modified23 or not was also studied in the presence of a carrier or at high temperature, both with single disperse dyes24–31 or combinations32–34 of dyes.…”