Carrier Dyeing of Polyester Fibre Part II – The Influence of Carriers on the Diffusion of Disperse Dyes

Abstract

The influence of carriers on the diffusion of disperse dyes in polyester fibre has been studied. m e extent to which the diffusion rate of a dye is increased is independent of the chemical structure of the carrier but depends on the molar concentration of carrier in the fibre and on the chemical structure of the dye. The influence on the diffusion rate decreases wirh increase in temperature, and the rates of decrease increase with increase in the activation energies of diffusion of the dyes when no cam'er is present. The presence of carrier reduces the activation energies of diffision of the dyes, the reduction being related to the decrease in the entropies of activation of diffusion brought about by the plasticizing action of the carrier. This reduction in the activation energy of diffusion leads to theexistence of a temperature at which the presence of carrier would have no effect on the diffusion coefficient of the dye, and above which the presence of carrier would actually reduce the diffusion coefficient. The value of this temperature depends upon the carrier concentration in the fibre and the specific dye.

Carrier Dyeing of Polyester Fibre Part III – The Role of Water in Solvent Dyeing

“…The value of x differs with different dyes, as was found for carriers in aqueous dyeing [5], but increases with increase in the diffusion coefficient of the dye in the absence of water. This was not found in the case of conventional carrier dyeing [51 and i s completely the reverse of the conclusions of Glenz et a/.…”

“…Because of Schuler's original suggestion that water acts as a carrier in solvent dyeing, an investigation, analogous to that previously reported for carriers in aqueous dyeing [5], was carried out t o determine if the two systems are similar. It has been shown that in conventional carrier dyeing the effect of the carrier is to lower the glass transition temperature (T,) of the fibre [6-91 and to reduce the energy of activation of diffusion and the entropy of activation of diffusion [5,101. In addition the effect of carrier varies with variation in dye structure [5, and decreases with increase in the temperature of dyeing [5,13].…”

Kinetic and Diffusional Approach to the Dyeing Behavior of the Polyester PTT

“…Roberts and Solanki [16] also obtained activation energies between 108 and 136 kJ mol -1 for PET with four disperse dyes in the presence of 0.5 mol kg -1 of carrier. The values of the kinetic constants are also in agreement with those obtained by several authors [17,18] using the same type of fiber and, in the case of Yang et al [17], the same dye.…”

“…It should be mentioned that the values found by Carrión [5] for the activation energy in the dyeing of PET at low temperature with Foron disperse dyes using special auxiliary agents are between 163.92 and 81.04 kJ mol -1 . Roberts and Solanki [16] also obtained activation energies between 108 and 136 kJ mol -1 for PET with four disperse dyes in the presence of 0.5 mol kg -1 of carrier. The values of the kinetic constants are also in agreement with those obtained by several authors [17,18] using the same type of fiber and, in the case of Yang et al [17], the same dye.…”

Textile Auxiliaries, 5. Deying Auxiliaries

“…Research into carriers has concentrated on their effects on polyester fibers [70,[125][126][127][128][129]. It is believed that the activity of carriers in accelerating dyeing is mainly located in the fiber region.…”