The mechanical properties of ternary composites of polypropylene with inorganic fillers and elastomer inclusions

Selective localization of titanium dioxide nanoparticles at the interface and its effect on the impact toughness of poly(L-lactide)/poly(ether)urethane blends

“…# a has been widely used to predict the thermodynamic equilibrium distribution of nanofillers in polymer blends [25,40]. Generally, for # a > 1, TiO 2 particles are only found in PU; for # a < -1, TiO 2 particles are present only in PLLA and for -1#< # a < 1, TiO 2 particles are selectively located at the interface between PLLA and PU.…”

“…selectively dispersed in polymer matrix, in elastomer phase or at the interface between the two polymer phases, thus forming separated dispersion, rigid core-soft shell and soft core-rigid shell structures, respectively. In most cases, the formation of the rigid core-soft shell structure is found to be more favorable to achieve satisfactory toughness at lower elastomer concentration and, consequently, a good balance between toughness and stiffness as compared to the separated dispersion structure [23][24][25]. However, much less attention has been paid to the soft core-rigid shell structure possibly because it is difficult to realize the exclusive localization of nanofillers at the phase interface [33][34][35][36][37].…”

Characterization of Low Density Glass Filled Epoxies

“…A two-step algorithm, proposed by Jancar and DiBenedetto [20], was used to describe the elastic modulus of the ternary composite system, consisting of a mixture of solid and hollow glass spheres in an epoxy matrix. Assuming a completely homogeneous ternary mixture with perfect bonding, the modulus of the compliant hollow spherical glass filler in the epoxy matrix should first be determined.…”

“…Thus, in fitting the S-Combining Rule to the ternary composite system, the methodology proposed by Jancar and DiBenedetto [20] is simpUfied by adjusting the matrix volume fraction to reflect the combined volume of epoxy resin and hollow glass filler while the filler volume fraction is composed solely of soHd glass. After the adjustments in volume fraction are made, the S-Combining Rule provided an excellent prediction of the ternary composite modulus.…”

Mechanistic insights on nanosilica self-networking inducing ultra-toughness of rubber-modified polylactide-based materials

“…These distinct morphologies gave different mechanical performances with higher modulus and/or toughness in function of the dispersion extent. 30, 31 Lipatov et al [32][33][34] reported that the addition of solid particles into an immiscible polymer blend increases the thermodynamic stability of the mixture and changes the compositions of the separated phases. The authors proposed a simultaneous action of two mechanisms to explain the effect of fillers on the phase behavior: (i) the thermodynamical alterations at the interface because of the selective adsorption of one of both components and (ii) the redistribution of components at the interface and in the bulk that may diminish the phase-separation temperature.…”