The MAPKKK and MAPKK gene families in banana: identification, phylogeny and expression during development, ripening and abiotic stress

Abstract

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, which is a major signal transduction pathway widely distributed in eukaryotes, has an important function in plant development and stress responses. However, less information is known regarding the MAPKKK and MAPKK gene families in the important fruit crop banana. In this study, 10 MAPKK and 77 MAPKKK genes were identified in the banana genome, and were classified into 4 and 3 subfamilies respectively based on phylogenetic analysis. Majority of MAPKKK and MAPKK genes in the same subfamily shared similar gene structures and conserved motifs. The comprehensive transcriptome analysis indicated that MAPKKK-MAPKK genes is involved in tissue development, fruit development and ripening, and response to abiotic stress of drought, cold and salt in two banana genotypes. Interaction networks and co-expression assays demonstrated that MAPK signaling cascade mediated network participates in multiple stress signaling, which was strongly activated in Fen Jiao (FJ). The findings of this study advance understanding of the intricately transcriptional control of MAPKKK-MAPKK genes and provide robust candidate genes for further genetic improvement of banana.

Genome-wide identification of MAPKKK genes and their responses to phytoplasma infection in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)

“…Meanwhile, in the sterile cultivated tissues of JWB plantlets, four ZjMAPKKKs (4, 10, 25 and 44) were significantly induced in the diseased plants. Also,ZjMAPKKK6,7,17,18,30,34,35,37,40,41,43,46,52…”

“…In the three main infected tissues (witches' broom leaves, phyllody leaves, apparently normal leaves), ZjMAPKKK26 and 45 were significantly up-regulated and ZjMAPKKK3, 43 and 50 were significantly down-regulated. While the ZjMAPKKK4, 10, 25 and 44 were significantly and highly induced in sterile cultivated tissues infected by phytoplasma, while ZjMAPKKK6, 7,17,18,30,34,35,37,40,41,43,46, 52 and 46 53 were significantly down-regulated.…”

Genome-wide identification of MAPKKK genes and their responses to phytoplasma infection in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)

“…A total of 80 MAPKKKs were first identified in Arabidopsis in 2002 [5,12]. In the following years, an array of different MAPKKKs have been identified in a range of plant species, including rice (75 members), Zea mays (71 members), Vitis vinifera (45 members), Malus domestica (72 members) and Musa nana (77 members) [13][14][15][16]. However, little is known about the biological information and function of the MAPKKK gene family in Chinese jujube, even though detailed information for ZjMAPKKs and ZjMAPKs has previously been reported by our group [17].…”

Two splice variants of the DsMEK1 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) are involved in salt stress regulation in Dunaliella salina in different ways

“…The MAPK cascade pathway has a variety of regulatory mechanisms, including transcriptional, posttranscriptional and posttranslational mechanisms [11][12][13]. Alternative splicing enables the production of multiple proteins from a single gene, extending the proteomic and functional diversity in eukaryotes, which is also one of the regulatory mechanisms [14].…”