The manipulation of ethnicity: from ethnic cooperation to violence and war in Yugoslavia

Creating Political Legitimacy: Electoral Democracy versus the Quality of Government

“…There are several analyses of specific ethnically mixed villages that substantiate this (Gagnon 2004;Oberschall 2000). This is in line with Fearon and Laitin's (2003) quantitative analysis that lends support to the argument that ethnic diversity is not a primary cause of civil wars.…”

“…Second, the Tudjman regime began to fire employees from government jobs merely because they were Serbs (Gow 2003;Oberschall 2000). These layoffs took part in the country as a whole, but also in the Krajina where ethnic Serbs were a majority (Silber andLittle 1997 Woodward, 1995: 107).…”

“…The secessionists mobilized support for their cause in Belgrade, outmaneuvered the more moderate Serbian leaders and received military support from the Serb-dominated National Yugoslav Army (Bennett 1995: Oberschall, 2000Silber and Little 1997;Udovički and Torov, 1997). 11 Notably, the Milosevic regime in Belgrade did not publicly recognize or support the self-declared "Serb Autonomous Province of Krajina" until after the first (two) causalities in a clash between…”

Modelling the Dynamics of Securizitating National Identities

“…This actor model can be illustrated by a scale with two containers representing two different value orientations (Fig. 2) [74]. Civil values can roughly be described as an orientation on the idea of Yugoslavism ('unity and brotherhood') [75].…”

Isolation, Integration, and Ethnic Boundaries in Rural Guatemala

“…Ascriptions such as "American Indian" and "Native American" in the United States and "Indian" or "Indigenous" in Latin America are also examples. On the other hand, states have also frequently tried to eliminate ethnic boundaries and/or ethnic groups through processes such as encouraging or forcing assimilation and "ethnic cleansing" or genocide (Nagel and Snipp, 1993;Oberschall, 2000;Keely, 1996;Diáz Polanco, 1997).…”