The Malayan Emergency as Counter-Insurgency Paradigm

Hack, Karl

doi:10.1080/01402390902928180

Cited by 99 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Much anthropological commentary and historical analysis has been made in Englishlanguage scholarship about the unique cultural space inhabited by Muslims in the south since Siamese annexation (Forbes, 1982;Jory, 2007;Scupin, 1987). Scholars have noted the region's troubled history, which has included both a series of Malay-Muslim rebellions against Siamese rule and subsequent repressions during Thailand assimilationist period in the 1920s-40s (e.g., see Aphornsuvan, 2008), and the presence of Malayan Communist Party insurgents along the porous Thai-Malay border following Malaya's independence (Hack, 2009;Liow, 2004). This analysis has particularly increased since political violence in the area escalated in 2004, with a significant upsurge in separatist attacks and incidents, and the deaths of over 70 Muslim male captives at Tak Bai, who suffocated after being crammed into Thai army vehicles following a protest (Jitpromrsi & McCargo, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Religiosity and Social Problems among Muslim Adolescents in Southern Thailand

Sateemae¹,

Abdel-Monem

Sateemae³

2015

Journal of Muslim Mental Health

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Substantial commentary has been written about the historical context of the Malay-Muslim minority in the deep south of Thailand. Much of the recent scholarship on the Malay-Muslim minority of Thailand has focused on the ongoing ethnic insurgency in southern Thailand, the region's troubled history of annexation, and its relevance to Thailand's political landscape. However, there is little empirical research on the Malay-Muslim population itself, although it is assumed that expressions of their religious identity are a fundamental aspect of collective identity formation. In an effort to fill this gap, this study explored perceptions of religiosity and risk behavior among Muslim adolescents affiliated with a private Islamic school in the province of Yala, Thailand. The study examined perceptions of this group's religious behavior and relationships to perceived social problems of concern to the community, and found that increased religious adherence mediated engagement in risk behaviors. We also found that girls were perceived to be more likely to engage in religiously adherent behavior, and less likely to engage in socially problematic behavior, than boys. This study and its findings are relevant to deepening empirical knowledge about Malay-Muslim adolescents in southern Thailand. It may also have implications for community leaders and policy makers interested in improving wellbeing among Muslim adolescents in the area.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Religiosity and Social Problems among Muslim Adolescents in Southern Thailand

Sateemae¹,

Abdel-Monem

Sateemae³

2015

Journal of Muslim Mental Health

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“…Hack elucidated this point in a series of articles (, , ), utilising a combination of archival records and communist texts to demonstrate that coercion was the defining method of the colonial government, and it was only through comprehensive control of the Malayan Chinese population that the British were able to break the back of the insurgency. Since then, Hack has produced a steady stream of scholarship that has been integral in establishing a revisionist interpretation of the Malayan Emergency and British counterinsurgency more broadly (Hack, , , , , ).…”

Section: Population Control: Reassessing and Revising Understandings mentioning

confidence: 99%

A small, distant war? Historiographical reflections on the Malayan Emergency

Keo

2019

History Compass

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The Malayan Emergency (1948–1960), one of the earliest conflicts of the Cold War, remains understudied despite the voluminous literature produced by specialists on the topic. Most of these works have focused primarily on unpacking the lessons offered by the Emergency in the realm of counterinsurgency at the expense of explorations of the conflict as a lived experience. This article explores how the historiography on the Emergency has changed over time, focusing on how it has been studied primarily in terms of its political and military implications with the key debate emerging over which strategy and tactics ultimately led to British victory. One school of thought argues that success was a consequence of British forces embarking to win “hearts and minds” rather than focusing on traditional warfare. Newer works have challenged this discourse, suggesting instead that the Emergency was won through strict and oftentimes violent “population control.” While these approaches have been integral to furthering understandings of the Emergency, the overwhelming focus on the military aspects of the Emergency has resulted in a number of gaps in the field, which this article highlights before concluding with discussions on how these gaps might be addressed.

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“…While previous research has theoretically dealt with the determinants of brute-force resettlement, the empirical evidence is largely based on single cases. For instance, Hack (2009Hack ( , 2015 examines the British counterinsurgency strategy in Malaya and the special role of resettlement, while Lichtenheld (2017) presents qualitative evidence from Uganda and Syria. Despite important insights, the generalizability of these findings is limited and we argue accordingly for a systematic, quantitative study of the drivers behind civilian resettlement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cross-National Analysis of Forced Population Resettlement in Counterinsurgency Campaigns

Böhmelt

Dworschak

Pilster

et al. 2019

Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy

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This article studies the forcible relocation of large segments of the society in times of war. Theoretically, our work is based on the hearts-and-minds approach for explaining counterinsurgents’ strategies. We link this general framework to two more specific factors: insurgents’ external support and the incumbent’s status as a foreign occupier. The main contribution of our research is given by the cross-country empirical analysis, where we combine data on population displacement and counterinsurgency campaigns after World War II. We show that insurgents’ external support and incumbents’ status as a foreign occupier are among the main factors raising the risk of forced population resettlement. This article is a systematic, quantitative study of forced displacement across a large set of conflicts, and we demonstrate that the mechanisms behind forcible relocation as an indiscriminate strategy follow major trends across insurgencies.

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The Malayan Emergency as Counter-Insurgency Paradigm

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Cited by 99 publications

References 6 publications

Religiosity and Social Problems among Muslim Adolescents in Southern Thailand

Religiosity and Social Problems among Muslim Adolescents in Southern Thailand

A small, distant war? Historiographical reflections on the Malayan Emergency

A Cross-National Analysis of Forced Population Resettlement in Counterinsurgency Campaigns

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