The main directions of increase of efficiency of use of land resources in the Karachay-Cherkess republic

Abstract

The present article is devoted to a problem of increase of efficiency of use of land resources in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic. Formation of the land relations especially actually for land-poor and mountain regions which number the Karachay-Cherkess Republic (KCR) treats. Arable lands of КСhR are presented by various types and subtypes of soils: chernozems typical, chernozems ordinary, chernozems mountain, meadow and chernozem soils. The negative balance of a humus is noted actually in all areas and farms of the republic while its reduction even for 0,1% is followed by decrease in productivity to 1,2 centners of conventional grain units. Situation with fertility of soils of КСhR worsens: process of "vypakhivaniye" – an obesstrukturivaniye, reconsolidation, a pochvoutomleniye as a result of use of soils at low receipt of sources of a humus (organic fertilizers and the postharvest remains) takes place. The considerable part of a cultivated area is concentrated in the Prikubansky area (on grain, sugar beet and sunflower), the Adyghe Hablsky area (sunflower and grain) and the Habezsky area (on vegetables, potatoes and sunflower). In the Zelenchuksky area are in the area basic under potatoes and vegetables. High productivity of grain is observed in Prikubanskom and Ust-Dzhegutinsk, sugar beet in Nogai and Abazin, sunflower – in Ust-Dzhegutinsky and Prikubansky, on potatoes – in Low-Karachay and on vegetables – in Habezskom areas. The main directions of increase of efficiency of use of land resources are: development of mountain territories on the basis of state regulation of the land relations; preservation and restoration of fertility of farmlands and agrolandscapes; ecological resource-saving, preservation of environment and production of environmentally friendly production and its processing.

An Overview of the Social-Economic Development of the Constituent Territories of the North Caucasus Federal District

“…The agro-industrial complex of the North Caucasus Federal District (NCFD) has a powerful natural (land), demographic, economic and historical-cultural potential, which, if used more fully, rationally and efficiently, can ensure sustainable diversified development, full employment, a high level and decent quality of life population [2].…”

“…Trends in urban population growth are observed in all entities of the NCFD. However, in 2018 the proportion of the rural population remains more than urban residents in Dagestan, the KChR and Chechnya [2].…”

“…The existing differences determine the need to find optimal ways to solve problems by increasing socialeconomic development, creating infrastructure, developing the existing and forming a modern business sector in order to create new jobs, optimal enterprise management as a catalyst for recovery processes and economic development. According to scientists [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] the priority should be the formation and use of human capital, the adaptation of tools in the agricultural sector, the development of which will provide strong motivation for the business sector of the agro-industrial complex (AIC) to build their own potential and further development, and expansion in order to improve social and the economic situation of the population. Financial and other support to agricultural enterprises in crop production and animal husbandry should be considered as an auxiliary mechanism of their development policy [2,[4][5].…”

Analysis of innovative activity of agriculture in the Kabardino-Balkarian republic

“…Совершенствование отечественных и мировых селекционных работ [20,21], образование новых сортов отраслевых культур с высокой продуктивностью, эффективное использование площадей сельскохозяйственного назначения и внедрение технологий ресурсосбережения будут способствовать повышению конкурентоспособности отрасли растениеводства. Инновационные разработки в сфере механизации, электрификации и автоматизации должны обозначить курс на переход от экстенсивного к интенсивному методу создания новой сельскохозяйственной техники для реализации принципиально новых технологий в сельском хозяйстве и перерабатывающих отраслях, которые призваны повысить эффективность инновационных технологий [22,23]. Приоритетные направления заключаются во внедрении высокопродуктивных сортов сельскохозяйственных культур, дающих лучшее качество продукции при большей урожайности, в разработке системы земледелия (биологизация земледелия), в освоении малозатратных энергосберегающих и интенсивных технологий возделывания основных сельскохозяйственных культур, которые основываются на использовании оптимальных норм высева, удобрений и интегрированной системе защиты посевов от вредных организмов, обеспечивающих дополнительный урожай сельскохозяйственных культур.…”