Scientific article defines the most important indicators of the economic efficiency of crop production and agricultural production, including productivity. The structure of production of the main types of crop production in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic by categories of farms as a percentage of the total production has been studied. It has been established that the main types of crop production are grain, sunflower seeds, potatoes, and vegetables. The volume of production of the main types of crop production in farms of all categories of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic in 2020 increased compared to the previous year. Productivity is the most important indicator reflecting the level of intensification of agricultural production. The quality of the planned economic level largely depends on the correct planning and forecasting of the level of crop yields. An analysis of yields in farms of all categories of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic in 2020 made it possible to establish that sunflower has the highest yield growth rate, and vegetable production has significantly decreased. The production of potatoes and vegetables in households in 2020 increased in relation to the volume of agricultural production. The production of grain and vegetables in peasant (farmer) households and individual entrepreneurs in 2020 decreased in relation to the volume of agricultural production. In farms of all categories of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, an additional increase in productivity is predicted due to the introduction of innovative technologies in crop production.
The scientific article determines that the global economic crisis, political and economic restrictions, various sanctions and counter-sanctions have become a catalyst for the active growth of the competitiveness of agriculture, an incentive for the further development of innovation in the agro-industrial complex, ensuring the country's food security and implementing the import substitution policy. The agro-industrial complex of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic has sufficient natural resources and unique climatic conditions. However, in the agricultural sector of the economy of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, there are a number of extraordinary problems associated with the use of well-established high-expenditure technologies, principles, and technical means. In this regard, the initiation of innovative activities is being updated, contributing to the progressive strengthening of the efficiency of the functioning of the agro-industrial complex of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. An analysis of the innovative activity of agriculture was carried out, and the development of dominant directions for improving the efficiency of the functioning of agricultural enterprises in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic was carried out. The total level of innovative activity of agricultural organizations in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic amounted to 10.3% in 2020. The share of organizations involved in the introduction of technological innovations in the total number of all organizations in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic amounted to 15.0%. Thus, in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, measures are being taken to build a high-tech greenhouse complex with a system of continuous vegetable production cycle. All this indicates positive, but not sufficient, shifts in the innovative development of the economy of the agro-industrial complex of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. Production activity in the agricultural sector of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic is rapidly developing in the conditions of the formation of a favorable conjuncture, improvement of economic conditions in the agricultural sector. From the standpoint of potential resource opportunities, the dominant directions for improving the efficiency of the functioning of agricultural enterprises in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic should be based on a phased balanced solution to the problems of preserving a favorable environment, the use of natural resource potential, intellectual resources and high-tech intensive and resource-saving modern industries in order to meet the needs of the population in environmentally friendly products..
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