The present article is devoted to a problem of increase of efficiency of use of land resources in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic. Formation of the land relations especially actually for land-poor and mountain regions which number the Karachay-Cherkess Republic (KCR) treats. Arable lands of КСhR are presented by various types and subtypes of soils: chernozems typical, chernozems ordinary, chernozems mountain, meadow and chernozem soils. The negative balance of a humus is noted actually in all areas and farms of the republic while its reduction even for 0,1% is followed by decrease in productivity to 1,2 centners of conventional grain units. Situation with fertility of soils of КСhR worsens: process of "vypakhivaniye" – an obesstrukturivaniye, reconsolidation, a pochvoutomleniye as a result of use of soils at low receipt of sources of a humus (organic fertilizers and the postharvest remains) takes place. The considerable part of a cultivated area is concentrated in the Prikubansky area (on grain, sugar beet and sunflower), the Adyghe Hablsky area (sunflower and grain) and the Habezsky area (on vegetables, potatoes and sunflower). In the Zelenchuksky area are in the area basic under potatoes and vegetables. High productivity of grain is observed in Prikubanskom and Ust-Dzhegutinsk, sugar beet in Nogai and Abazin, sunflower – in Ust-Dzhegutinsky and Prikubansky, on potatoes – in Low-Karachay and on vegetables – in Habezskom areas. The main directions of increase of efficiency of use of land resources are: development of mountain territories on the basis of state regulation of the land relations; preservation and restoration of fertility of farmlands and agrolandscapes; ecological resource-saving, preservation of environment and production of environmentally friendly production and its processing.
In modern unstable conditions of economic development, special attention is paid to the financial condition of enterprises, since it reflects all aspects of the financial and production activities of an enterprise, determines its potential in the business world, competitiveness, stability in the market and determines potential positions in the market. Analysis of the financial condition of an enterprise in the presence of internal and external threats will allow assessing the current and prospective financial position of an economic entity, assessing the potential pace of development, identifying possible sources of assets formation, and predicting the financial position of an enterprise in the market. The scientific article summarizes modern methods of analysis and assessment of the financial condition of an enterprise, studies the systems for determining the financial condition as a tool for ensuring economic security. and also presents their features and content. Based on a comparison of the most common methods for assessing the financial condition of an enterprise, the following conclusion can be drawn: at present, when analyzing the financial condition of enterprises, the problem of choosing a methodology that meets the requirements of an enterprise to enhance the analysis of one or another block of economic and financial indicators is highlighted. That is, the given interconnections of the analyzed phenomena that characterize financial and economic activities can be very diverse and complex. Therefore, it is advisable to conduct analytics using not all the diversity, but only those factors and indicators on which the results of the financial and economic activities of the enterprise directly depend. All methods of assessing the financial condition of enterprises can be applied at enterprises in order to ensure economic security. Enterprises in an environment of uncertainty continuously need timely, objective and complete information about their financial condition to ensure constant and stable protection against real and potential threats and hazards. Moreover, owners and investors need such information. However, it is always necessary to remember and realize that the conditions of a market economy dictate their own rules, the promotion and development of enterprises takes place in a tough competitive environment, therefore, information should be submitted in a timely manner in order to make appropriate management decisions.
The scientific article presents the results of a study of the effect of treatment in an electromagnetic field of a self-generated discharge arising in high-current gas-discharge plasma with different exposure times on the shelf life of tomato fruits. The dynamics of the content of antioxidants and phenolic compounds in tomato fruits as a result of electrophysical processing was revealed. As a result of processing tomatoes in the electrophysical field of a self-generated discharge for 7 seconds, high values of the content of antioxidants and phenolic compounds are maintained throughout the entire storage period. Electrophysical processing of tomatoes for 120 and 180 seconds led to a significant decrease in the content of antioxidants and phenolic compounds comparable with the untreated sample. It has been established that the technology of electromagnetic processing of tomato fruits allows you to increase their shelf life up to 14 days compared with the control sample (10 days), increase resistance to fruit damage by phytopathogens, due to a decrease in the synthesis of phytoalexins during storage. The proposed technology will increase the storage efficiency of tomato fruits, preserving their physiological state, taste and biologically active substances useful for the human body at all stages of product distribution from producers to consumers.
Qualitative changes in the social-economic development of the constituent territories of the North Caucasus Federal District served as the basis for solving the problems of managing the economy of the agro-industrial complex. The solution to this problem is seen in the research of the current social-economic status and justification of the main directions of economic development of the constituent territories of the North Caucasus Federal District. As a result of the research of the social-economic condition of the constituent territories of the North Caucasus Federal District positive dynamics of the population, life expectancy, and mortality rate were established. The largest part of the employed population of the North Caucasus Federal District is engaged in agricultural production, hunting, forestry, fishing and fish farming. At the same time an analysis of the population employed in agriculture in the North Caucasus Federal District showed a negative trend. Despite the growth trends of certain indicators, in general, the region is characterized by high migration of the population to the regions of the Russian Federation, high unemployment, low employment and the salary amount of employees of organizations; low per capita cash income, consumer spending per capita. The constituent territories under study have sufficient natural resources, an excess of able-bodied population with a significant share of the rural population, favorable and even unique climatic conditions for the development of health-resort and touristrecreational areas, mountaineering, mining and manufacturing industries. The key direction of the region's economic growth should be the strategic development of agriculture in the constituent territories of the North Caucasus Federal District, the creation of jobs and raising the standard of living of the population. The results of the research can be used in programs in identifying systemic problems and working out the development of innovative and investment activities of the regional economy; while ensuring coordinated policy of the region and working out an economic forecast for the development of the main branches of the regional economy; while improving regulatory and organizational support and improving mechanisms of state support.
The article presents the results of monitoring syngenetic succession on a toxic substrate of the tailings of the Tyrnyauz tungsten-molybdenum plant in 2001 and 2018. According to the features of succession processes on terraces of different ages, 3 types of ecotopes were distinguished: 1 - automorphic (eluvial) upper slopes; 2 - transit transeluvial of the middle part of the slopes; 3 - transelyuvial-accumulative foothills of the slopes. The delay in the beginning of the phases of succession and the duration of the stages of syngenesis grows in the series 3 → 2 → 1. In 2018, the state of vegetation cover corresponded to the initial stages of syngenesis and was characterized by a high level of synanthropization and apophytization of the flora. On the lower and middle terraces of the tailing, weeds and intruders dominate, not typical of the zonal flora. On the upper terraces ruderal and pioneer plants are found sporadically. The succession process on the technogenic substrate of the tailings takes place spontaneously and under extreme conditions, the onset of the final stages of natural demutation is problematic. In order to stabilize the technogenic ecotope, it is necessary to carry out the technical stage of recultivation (application of fertile layer on the ground) with the sowing of multi-species grass mixtures, the wild-growing components of which are most tolerant of the extreme substrate (Cirsium vulgare, Centaurea kubanica, Taraxacum officinale, Echium vulgare, Jurinea ciscaucasica, Inula germanica).
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