The Lithium Chloride/Dimethylacetamide Solvent for Cellulose: A Literature Review

Dawsey, Timothy R.; McCormick, Charles L.

doi:10.1080/07366579008050914

Cited by 300 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Lithium chloride in dimethyl acetamide (LiCl/DMAc) is one such system that was explored about 20 years ago and that has good dissolution power for cellulose. 4 A drawback of this system is that the dissolution is time-consuming and requires preswelling by sequential solvent exchange and heating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolution and Gelation of Cellulose in TBAF/DMSO Solutions: The Roles of Fluoride Ions and Water

et al. 2009

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Solutions of cellulose in a mixture of tetrabutylammonium fluoride and dimethyl sulfoxide (TBAF/DMSO) containing small and varying amounts of water were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). By measuring the composition dependences of 19 F NMR and 1 H NMR chemical shifts and line widths, details on the dissolution and gelation mechanisms for cellulose in TBAF/DMSO were elucidated. Our results suggest that the strongly electronegative fluoride ions act as hydrogen bond acceptors to cellulose hydroxyl groups, thus dissolving the polymer by breaking the cellulose-cellulose hydrogen bonds and by rendering the chains an effective negative charge. It was found that the fluoride ions also interact strongly with water. Small amounts of water remove the fluoride ions from the cellulose chains and allow reformation of the cellulose-cellulose hydrogen bonds, which leads to formation of highly viscous solutions or gels even at low cellulose concentrations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolution and Gelation of Cellulose in TBAF/DMSO Solutions: The Roles of Fluoride Ions and Water

et al. 2009

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“…It is widely used for analytical characterization of polysaccharides and as reaction media for homogeneous modification of cellulose [22,23]. The solvent DMAc/LiCl is highly efficient; however, it has the disadvantage of being very sensitive to water and impurities, which makes industrial applications at least difficult, or even impossible [24,25].…”

Section: Nonaqueous Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose modification and shaping – a review

Jedvert

Heinze

2017

Journal of Polymer Engineering

135

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Abstract This review aims to present cellulose as a versatile resource for the production of a variety of materials, other than pulp and paper. These products include fibers, nonwovens, films, composites, and novel derivatized materials. This article will briefly introduce the structure of cellulose and some common cellulose derivatives, as well as the formation of cellulosic materials in the micro- and nanoscale range. The challenge with dissolution of cellulose will be discussed and both derivatizing and nonderivatizing solvents for cellulose will be described. The focus of the article is the critical discussion of different shaping processes to obtain a variety of cellulose products, from commercially available viscose fibers to advanced and functionalized materials still at the research level.

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“…Basically, these structures ( Figure 4) differ in the role exerted by lithium and chloride ions (A-C), whether LiCl is dissociated (A-C) or not (D,E) in this medium, and whether chlorine participates (A-D) or not (E) in the dissolution process [3]. Although it was not the aim of the present work to investigate the dissolution mechanism, we confirmed the influence of amount of salt on the chain dissolution state, which influences the properties of the products formed in this medium.…”

Section: Celluloses Acetylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the fundamental aspects related to the derivatization of cellulose involves the choice of reaction medium, which can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous. For derivatization in a homogeneous medium, i.e., dissolution of cellulose followed by its derivatization, the reaction occurs uniformly along the polymer chain, since, in this case, the cellulose chains are dispersed in the reaction medium [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these systems, solutions consisting of amide N,N-disubstituted compounds, such as N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), and lithium halogen salts, normally LiCl, stand out [8]. This solvent system has proved to be a suitable medium for synthesis of a wide variety of cellulose derivatives [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] in solution. However, it is important to realize that the cellulose chains may form aggregates in such solutions, thus reducing the number of hydroxyl groups freely accessible to the reagent and ultimately decreasing the reactivity and extent of modification of the polymer [5,8,15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sisal, Sugarcane Bagasse and Microcrystalline Celluloses: Influence of the Composition of the Solvent System N,NDimethylacetamide /Lithium Chloride on the Solubility and Acetylation of these Polysaccharides

et al. 2008

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The present work describes an investigation concerning the acetylation of celluloses extracted from short-life-cycle plant sources (i.e. sugarcane bagasse and sisal fiber) as well as microcrystalline cellulose. The acetylation was carried out under homogeneous conditions using the solvent system N,Ndimethylacetamide/lithium chloride. The celluloses were characterized, and the characterizations included an evaluation of the amount of hemicellulose present in the materials obtained from lignocellulosics sources (sugarcane and sisal). The amount of LiCl was varied and its influence on the degree of acetate substitution was analyzed. It was found that the solvent system composition and the nature of the cellulose influenced both the state of chain dissolution and the product characteristics. The obtained results demonstrated the importance of developing specific studies on the dissolution process as well as on the derivatization of celluloses from various sources.

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The Lithium Chloride/Dimethylacetamide Solvent for Cellulose: A Literature Review

Cited by 300 publications

References 27 publications

Dissolution and Gelation of Cellulose in TBAF/DMSO Solutions: The Roles of Fluoride Ions and Water

Dissolution and Gelation of Cellulose in TBAF/DMSO Solutions: The Roles of Fluoride Ions and Water

Cellulose modification and shaping – a review

Sisal, Sugarcane Bagasse and Microcrystalline Celluloses: Influence of the Composition of the Solvent System N,NDimethylacetamide /Lithium Chloride on the Solubility and Acetylation of these Polysaccharides

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