The Laurentide and Innuitian ice sheets during the Last Glacial Maximum

Abstract

The Late Wisconsinan advance of the Laurentide

On the reconstruction of palaeo-ice sheets: Recent advances and future challenges

“…F is the flotation criteria which is the ratio of non-local, subglacial water pressure to ice overburden pressure (i.e., if F=1, the water pressure is at the ice-overburden pressure). White line shows ice extent from Dyke et al (2002). Pink circles refer to published palaeo-subglacial lake records: CB = Christie Bay, Great Slave Lake; ML: McGregor Lake; TL: Travers Lake; OK: Okanagon.…”

The subglacial imprint of the last Newfoundland Ice Sheet, Canada.

“…This ice complex comprised a number of ice sheets that included the LIS, the Cordilleran and Innuitian ice sheets, the Canadian Maritime Provinces Ice Cover and the NIS. These latter two, known collectively as the Appalachian Ice Complex, maintained independent ice centres through much of the last glacial cycle (Dyke, 2004;Dyke et al, 2002). The LIS formed the central parts of the North American Ice Sheet Complex and during its maximum extent ( 27 14 C ka BP and 24 14 C ka BP; Dyke et al, 2002) coalesced with the smaller regional ice sheets including the NIS with the convergence zone being along Newfoundland's northern and western margins (Figure 1; Dyke, 2004;Grant, 1989Grant, , 1994Kleman et al, 2010;Stokes, Tarasov, & Dyke, 2012).…”

“…These latter two, known collectively as the Appalachian Ice Complex, maintained independent ice centres through much of the last glacial cycle (Dyke, 2004;Dyke et al, 2002). The LIS formed the central parts of the North American Ice Sheet Complex and during its maximum extent ( 27 14 C ka BP and 24 14 C ka BP; Dyke et al, 2002) coalesced with the smaller regional ice sheets including the NIS with the convergence zone being along Newfoundland's northern and western margins (Figure 1; Dyke, 2004;Grant, 1989Grant, , 1994Kleman et al, 2010;Stokes, Tarasov, & Dyke, 2012). A southward ice flow from Labrador crossed the Strait of Belle Isle onto northern parts of the Great Northern Peninsula, while further to the south, the LIS advanced as far as the Long Range Mountains before being deflected into the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Brookes, 1982;Catto, 1998;Grant, 1977Grant, , 1989Putt, Bell, Batterson, & Smith, 2010;Shaw et al, 2006;Tucker, 1974).…”

“…A southward ice flow from Labrador crossed the Strait of Belle Isle onto northern parts of the Great Northern Peninsula, while further to the south, the LIS advanced as far as the Long Range Mountains before being deflected into the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Brookes, 1982;Catto, 1998;Grant, 1977Grant, , 1989Putt, Bell, Batterson, & Smith, 2010;Shaw et al, 2006;Tucker, 1974). At this time, the NIS is understood to have maintained a complex of local ice caps with ice cover having advanced to the continental shelf (Dyke et al, 2002;Shaw, 2003Shaw, , 2006Shaw et al, 2006). At maximum ice extent, a number of large ice streams were well established in the marine sectors of the LIS and Atlantic Canada (Kleman & Glasser, 2007;Shaw et al, 2006;Stokes et al, 2012).…”

Glacial geomorphology of the northern Kivalliq region, Nunavut, Canada, with an emphasis on meltwater drainage systems

“…The Laurentide Ice Sheet covered a substantial proportion of North America during the Late Wisconsinan glaciation (Dyke et al, 2002) and its subsequent demise was closely coupled to dramatic climatic changes (e.g. Barber et al, 1999;Clark, 1994;Clark, Alley, & Pollard, 1999).…”